How Can I Custom Format Date and Time in SQL Server to Display DDMMM and HHMMT?

Custom Date/Time Formatting in SQL Server

Customizing the display format of dates and times in SQL Server is essential for presenting data in a user-friendly manner. This article will provide a comprehensive solution to the challenge of formatting dates and times in a specific format, as outlined in the original question.

Problem Statement:

The task at hand involves extracting two additional columns from an existing table's Datetime field. These columns should be formatted as follows:

1. DDMMM: Represent the day and month in a shorthand notation, e.g., "12OCT" for October 12th.
2. HHMMT: Display the time in hours and minutes, with an AM/PM indicator, e.g., "0119P" for 1:19 PM.

Solution Using Functions:

Instead of using a stored procedure, it is recommended to use a function to wrap the logic for this date formatting. Here's the code:

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[CustomDateFormat](
    @DateTime DATETIME
)
RETURNS VARCHAR(10)
AS
BEGIN
    DECLARE @Day VARCHAR(2) = SUBSTRING(DATENAME(DAY, @DateTime), 1, 2)
    DECLARE @Month VARCHAR(3) = SUBSTRING(UPPER(DATENAME(MONTH, @DateTime)), 1, 3)
    
    RETURN @Day + @Month
END

This function extracts the day ('DD') and month ('MMM') parts of the input Datetime value and returns them concatenated.

Accessing Data in Dynamic SQL:

To access the data using the function, create a dynamic SQL query:

DECLARE @SQLCommand VARCHAR(MAX) = '
    SELECT
        ...,
        dbo.CustomDateFormat(DateTimeField) AS DDMMM,
        ...
' 
EXEC (@SQLCommand)

Optimization Tip:

To avoid performance penalties from data type conversions, avoid using character/string operations on dates whenever possible. Dates in MSSQL are represented as floating-point numbers, and conversions to/from strings can slow down performance.

Additional Resources:

For further reference, here are some additional helper functions for working with dates and times in SQL Server:

• Getting Parts of a DateTime
• Relative Dates

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