How to Upload Multipart Form Data with Python's Requests Library?

Uploading Multipart Form Data with Requests in Python

In Python, requests can be used to send "multipart/form-data" requests, which are commonly employed for uploading files and submitting form data to a web server.

Sending a Single File

To send a file, use the "files" parameter. The value of "files" should be a dictionary with a file path as the key and an open file object or a tuple as the value. For example:

import requests

with open('myfile.txt', 'rb') as f:
    files = {'myfile': f}

response = requests.post('http://example.com/upload', files=files)

Sending Form Data along with Files

To send form data in addition to files, you can use both the "files" and "data" parameters. The "data" parameter should be a dictionary with the form data key-value pairs.

import requests

with open('myfile.txt', 'rb') as f:
    files = {'myfile': f}

data = {'name': 'John Doe'}

response = requests.post('http://example.com/upload', files=files, data=data)

Using the Requests-Toolbelt for Multipart Support

The requests-toolbelt library provides an advanced MultipartEncoder class that simplifies the process of constructing multipart requests. The fields can be defined in the same format as the "files" parameter.

from requests_toolbelt.multipart.encoder import MultipartEncoder

fields = {
    'foo': 'bar',
    'spam': ('spam.txt', open('spam.txt', 'rb'), 'text/plain'),
}

multipart_encoder = MultipartEncoder(fields=fields)

response = requests.post('http://example.com/upload', data=multipart_encoder, headers={'Content-Type': multipart_encoder.content_type})

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