How Can I Securely Store User Passwords in PHP?

Enhancing Password Storage Security

Storing user passwords securely is crucial for maintaining data integrity and preventing unauthorized access. The provided code snippet, which employs a salted MD5 hash, offers some level of protection but can be further enhanced.

Leveraging Standard Libraries

The most effective way to ensure password storage security is by utilizing trusted standard libraries. These libraries provide robust and widely-tested algorithms, minimizing the risk of vulnerabilities.

For PHP versions 5.5.0 and above, the built-in password hashing API simplifies the process. It utilizes the PHP-recommended password hashing algorithm, providing an easy-to-use solution:

$hash = password_hash($_POST['password'], PASSWORD_DEFAULT, ['cost' => 12]);
$checked = password_verify($_POST['password'], $hash);

Adding Pepper to Standard Libraries

For added security, adding a 'pepper' to the salted password hashes is recommended. PepperedPasswords is a drop-in class that implements this pattern securely:

use Netsilik/Lib/PepperedPasswords;

$hash = $hasher->hash($_POST['password']);
$checked = $hasher->verify($_POST['password'], $hash);

Legacy Solutions

Prior to PHP 5.5.0, portable PHP password hashing frameworks such as phpass can be used. Phpass implements the CRYPT_BLOWFISH algorithm, a highly secure and industry-standard hash:

require('PasswordHash.php');

$hash = $pwdHasher->HashPassword($password);
$checked = $pwdHasher->CheckPassword($password, $hash);

Critical Considerations

Apart from using trusted libraries, it's essential to avoid outdated hashing algorithms like MD5 and SHA1, which are now considered insecure. Currently, the best practice for secure password storage is using crypt with CRYPT_BLOWFISH algorithm.

By implementing these measures, you can significantly enhance the security of your users' passwords, protecting your application and data from unauthorized access.

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