How to Run External Commands as a Different User in Go?

Running External Commands with os/exec under a Different User

In Go, using the os/exec package, it's possible to execute external commands on behalf of another user. This is particularly useful when your application runs as root and needs to execute commands with a different user's privileges.

One method for achieving this is by utilizing the syscall.Credential struct. By adding this struct to the SysProcAttr field of the Cmd object, you can specify the user ID (Uid) and group ID (Gid) for the external process. This ensures that the command runs under the specified user's privileges.

Here's an example:

import (
    "os/exec"
    "syscall"
)

func main() {
    // Get the user ID and group ID for the desired user.
    u, err := user.Lookup("username")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("%v", err)
        return
    }

    uid, err := strconv.Atoi(u.Uid)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("%v", err)
        return
    }

    gid, err := strconv.Atoi(u.Gid)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("%v", err)
        return
    }

    // Create the command object.
    cmd := exec.Command("command", "args...")

    // Set the SysProcAttr field to specify the user credentials.
    cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{
        Credential: &syscall.Credential{
            Uid: uint32(uid),
            Gid: uint32(gid),
        },
    }

    // Execute the command.
    if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("%v", err)
        return
    }
}

By utilizing this approach, you can execute external commands under a different user's privileges without relying on external commands like "su" or "bash." Keep in mind that the privileges of the running Go process must include the ability to impersonate the desired user.

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