How can I efficiently convert RGB to HSV and vice versa within the 0-255 range?

Converting RGB to HSV and Vice Versa in the Range 0-255: Practical Code Solutions

Problem:

In various image processing applications, it often becomes necessary to convert colors between the RGB and HSV color spaces. To ensure seamless transitions, it's essential to work within the same range for both spaces, typically between 0 and 255.

Solution:

To address this requirement, let's explore proven algorithms that efficiently convert colors between RGB and HSV within the specified range:

typedef struct {
    double r;
    double g;
    double b;
} rgb;

typedef struct {
    double h;
    double s;
    double v;
} hsv;

hsv rgb2hsv(rgb in)
{
    hsv         out;
    double      min, max, delta;

    min = in.r < in.g ? in.r : in.g;
    min = min  < in.b ? min  : in.b;

    max = in.r > in.g ? in.r : in.g;
    max = max  > in.b ? max  : in.b;

    out.v = max;
    delta = max - min;
    if (delta < 0.00001)
    {
        out.s = 0;
        out.h = 0; // undefined, maybe nan?
        return out;
    }
    if( max > 0.0 ) { // NOTE: if Max is == 0, this divide would cause a crash
        out.s = (delta / max);
    } else {
        // if max is 0, then r = g = b = 0              
        // s = 0, h is undefined
        out.s = 0.0;
        out.h = NAN;
        return out;
    }
    if( in.r >= max ) // > is bogus, just keeps compilor happy
        out.h = ( in.g - in.b ) / delta;        // between yellow & magenta
    else
    if( in.g >= max )
        out.h = 2.0 + ( in.b - in.r ) / delta;  // between cyan & yellow
    else
        out.h = 4.0 + ( in.r - in.g ) / delta;  // between magenta & cyan

    out.h *= 60.0;

    if( out.h < 0.0 )
        out.h += 360.0;

    return out;
}

rgb hsv2rgb(hsv in)
{
    double      hh, p, q, t, ff;
    long        i;
    rgb         out;

    if(in.s <= 0.0) {
        out.r = in.v;
        out.g = in.v;
        out.b = in.v;
        return out;
    }
    hh = in.h;
    if(hh >= 360.0) hh = 0.0;
    hh /= 60.0;
    i = (long)hh;
    ff = hh - i;
    p = in.v * (1.0 - in.s);
    q = in.v * (1.0 - (in.s * ff));
    t = in.v * (1.0 - (in.s * (1.0 - ff)));

    switch(i) {
    case 0:
        out.r = in.v;
        out.g = t;
        out.b = p;
        break;
    case 1:
        out.r = q;
        out.g = in.v;
        out.b = p;
        break;
    case 2:
        out.r = p;
        out.g = in.v;
        out.b = t;
        break;

    case 3:
        out.r = p;
        out.g = q;
        out.b = in.v;
        break;
    case 4:
        out.r = t;
        out.g = p;
        out.b = in.v;
        break;
    case 5:
    default:
        out.r = in.v;
        out.g = p;
        out.b = q;
        break;
    }
    return out;     
}

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