How Can I Securely Handle Parameters in SQLAlchemy's `execute()` Function?

Parameter Handling in SQLAlchemy execute()

Utilizing SQLAlchemy's connection.execute() function to convert select results into an array of maps can be a convenient approach for small datasets. However, adding parameters to SQL queries using format() may introduce security concerns.

To improve the parameter handling mechanism, consider leveraging the following techniques:

Use SQLAlchemy.sql.text() for Parameterized SQL Strings

Create parameterized SQL strings using SQLAlchemy.sql.text():

sql = text(
    "SELECT users.fullname || ', ' || addresses.email_address AS title "
    "FROM users, addresses "
    "WHERE users.id = addresses.user_id "
    "AND users.name BETWEEN :x AND :y "
    "AND (addresses.email_address LIKE :e1 "
    "OR addresses.email_address LIKE :e2)")

Specify Parameters as Keyword Arguments

While executing the parameterized SQL string, provide the parameter values as keywords to the execute() function:

conn.execute(sql, {"x": "m", "y": "z", "e1": "%@aol.com", "e2": "%@msn.com"}).fetchall()

Incorporate Dynamic Parameters in Custom Functions

If desired, modify your custom function, __sql_to_data() in this example, to support parameter passing by creating a dictionary called values for parameter values:

def __sql_to_data(sql, values):
    ...
    conn.execute(sql, values)

You can then invoke the function with a dictionary of parameters, such as:

sql = 'SELECT ...'
data = {'user_id': 3}
results = __sql_to_data(sql, data)

By adopting these approaches, you can enhance the security and flexibility of your parameter handling in SQLAlchemy's execute() function.

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