Can CSS3 Replace XSL-FO and CSS2 for Generating Paginated PDFs?

Can XSL-FO and CSS3 Replace CSS2 for Paginated Documents Like PDF?

With the advancements in web technologies, there has been a debate about the use of XSL-FO, CSS3, and CSS2 for generating paginated documents such as PDFs. This question explores the reasons for using XSL-FO instead of CSS2, as well as the current state of CSS3 and its viability for this purpose.

Current Landscape:

Once recommended for print operations, XSL-FO has been gradually declining in popularity. Meanwhile, CSS2, though an older standard, has been augmented with features for paged media. CSS3 is the latest evolution, offering even more capabilities.

Choosing Between XSL-FO and CSS:

While both CSS2 and XSL-FO allow for precise page layout, pagination, and other print-related features, the choice today is heavily influenced by:

• XSL-FO's Decline: In 2013, the W3C Working Group for XSL-FO was closed, effectively signaling the end of its development.
• CSS3's Rise: CSS3, with its "page" module, has become the preferred standard for paged media. Modern browsers like Chrome and Safari can render CSS3 page layouts.
• Commercial Investment: Software applications like PrinceXML and AntennaHouse Formatter have demonstrated the feasibility of CSS3 for paginated documents.

Other Considerations:

• Complexity: CSS is generally easier to develop and maintain than XSL-FO.
• Cost and Availability: Hiring developers for XSL-FO is more expensive and challenging compared to CSS specialists.
• Future-proofing: CSS3, as part of the XML/HTML/SVG family, has a stronger foundation and long-term viability than XSL-FO.

Conclusion:

For new XML-Publishing systems and PDF generation applications, there is little reason to use XSL-FO over CSS3. CSS3 offers a modern, widely supported, and cost-effective solution for paginated documents.

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