How to Fix the '^M' Character at the End of Lines in Unix-Executed SQL Scripts?

Resolving the 'M' Character at the End of Lines in SQL Script

When executing an SQL script in Unix environments, users may encounter an issue where a '^M' character appears at the end of each line in the command line output. This perplexing phenomenon can leave developers wondering about its origins and how to resolve it effectively.

The culprit behind this issue lies in the realm of line-ending characters. Different operating systems incorporate varying conventions for marking the end of lines within text files. In the case of Windows and DOS systems, the line-ending character is denoted by "rn", while Unix-based systems utilize "n" solely. This disparity can lead to compatibility issues when scripts created in Windows are executed in Unix environments.

The solution to this problem is relatively straightforward. By employing the 'dos2unix' command, users can swiftly convert the line-ending characters from DOS/Windows format to Unix format. This command operates by meticulously removing the "r" characters from the end of each line, thereby aligning the script with Unix conventions.

For further insight into this utility, consulting the 'man' pages for the 'dos2unix' command is highly recommended. By following these steps, developers can eliminate the pesky 'M' character issue and ensure seamless execution of their SQL scripts across different operating systems.

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