How to Properly Handle `WHERE IN` Statements with Bind Parameters in SQLite?

Handling "WHERE _ IN ___" Statements in SQLite

When using a WHERE IN statement in SQLite, it's crucial to ensure the proper construction of the statement to avoid errors. The issue arises when the number of bindings supplied doesn't match the expected number, resulting in a ProgrammingError.

To address this, you need to modify your statement to include the correct number of question marks (?) as parameters. For example:

statement = "SELECT * FROM tab WHERE obj IN ({0})".format(', '.join(['?'] * len(list_of_vars)))

Here, we generate a comma-separated string of question marks using join([?]*len(list_of_vars))_, allowing proper binding of the parameter values. For instance, if _list_of_vars contains ['foo', 'bar'], the statement becomes:

"SELECT * FROM tab WHERE obj IN (?, ?)"

Now, you can execute this statement by passing list_of_vars as the parameter values:

c.execute(statement, list_of_vars)

While alternative methods may exist, using bind parameters is recommended to prevent SQL injection attacks. For extensive lists, using a temporary table for values and joining against it might enhance efficiency.

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