How Can I Securely Use SQLAlchemy's Connection.execute() with Parameterized SQL Statements?

SQLAlchemy Connection.execute() with Parametrized SQL Statements

SQLAlchemy's connection.execute() method allows developers to execute SQL statements and transform the results into an array of maps. While using string formatting for parameter substitution is a common practice, it poses security risks and limits flexibility.

To enhance code security and enable parametrization, one can utilize the sqlalchemy.sql.text() function to create a parameterized SQL statement. This approach ensures that bind parameters are correctly handled, reducing the risk of SQL injection attacks.

To incorporate parameterization into the __sql_to_data() function provided in the question, modify it to the following:

def __sql_to_data(sql_text, parameters):
    result = []
    connection = engine.connect()
    try:
        rows = connection.execute(sql_text, parameters)
        for row in rows:
            result_row = {}
            for col in row.keys():
                result_row[str(col)] = str(row[col])
            result.append(result_row)
    finally:
        connection.close()
    return result

The sql_text parameter should be the SQL statement parsed through sqlalchemy.sql.text(), and the parameters parameter is a dictionary containing the values to be substituted.

Now, instead of using string formatting to insert parameters, you can pass the dictionary to the execute() method:

return __sql_to_data(sql_get_profile, {'user_id': user_id})

This approach provides a secure and flexible way to pass parameters in SQLAlchemy's connection.execute() method.

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