Why Don't `short int` Data Types Have Literal Modifiers in C#?

Why Certain Data Types Lack Literal Modifiers in Programming Languages

While programming languages like C# strive for consistency and logical design, there are instances where specific data types may lack literal modifiers. This raises questions about the reasons behind such disparities.

Case Study: long int vs. short int in C#

Consider the example of long int and short int in C#. The former possesses a literal modifier ('L' or 'l'), while the latter does not. This prompts the inquiry: why this separation?

Defending the Absence

The standard argument goes that features, like literal modifiers, are introduced when their benefits outweigh the costs. In the case of short int, the onus lies on proponents to justify its necessity in light of the existing functionality of int.

Justification for Literal Modifiers in long int

The overwhelming majority of integer calculations fall well within the range of a 32-bit signed integer (int). Thus, C# defaults to this representation for arithmetic operations, making the '1' suffix for integer literals intuitive.

However, when calculations extend beyond this range or require specific bit patterns, modifiers like 'L' and 'U' come into play. They clearly indicate the intent to use 64-bit long integers or unsigned integers, respectively.

Why Not for short int?

Unlike long int, there are two reasons why short int lacks a literal modifier:

1. Compatibility: Integer literals can be legally assigned to short int without issue.
2. Arithmetic Limitations: Arithmetic is never explicitly performed in shorts in C#. Instead, shorts are promoted to int during calculations, as the vast majority of operations fit within the integer range and short arithmetic may be inefficient on modern hardware.

Conclusion

In summary, literal modifiers are provided for types where their benefits are evident. For int, the default representation suits most cases, while long int and unsigned integers address specific needs. Short int lacks a modifier because int already fulfills its functionality and it is not used for explicit arithmetic in the language.

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