Building a Contact Form Backend with FastAPI and Discord Integration

This tutorial demonstrates building a robust and secure backend API using FastAPI to manage contact form submissions and relay them to a Discord channel via webhooks. We'll also address crucial CORS configuration for controlled access.

Prerequisites:

• Python 3.11
• FastAPI
• httpx (for asynchronous HTTP requests)
• A Discord webhook URL

Step 1: Project Setup

Create a project directory and install necessary packages:

<code class="language-bash">pip install fastapi uvicorn httpx python-dotenv</code>

Step 2: FastAPI Application Creation

Create main.py:

<code class="language-python">import os
from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
from pydantic import BaseModel
import httpx

app = FastAPI()

# CORS Configuration (Security!)
app.add_middleware(
    CORSMiddleware,
    allow_origins=["https://vicentereyes.org", "https://www.vicentereyes.org"],
    allow_credentials=True,
    allow_methods=["*"],
    allow_headers=["*"],
)</code>

Step 3: Data Model Definition

Use Pydantic for data structure:

<code class="language-python">class FormData(BaseModel):
    name: str
    email: str
    message: str
    service: str
    companyName: str
    companyUrl: str</code>

Step 4: Submission Endpoint

Add the form submission handler:

<code class="language-python">@app.post("/submit/")
@app.post("/submit")  # Handles both /submit and /submit/
async def submit_form(form_data: FormData):
    try:
        # Format message for Discord
        message_content = {
            "content": f"New form submission:\n"
                       f"**Name:** {form_data.name}\n"
                       f"**Email:** {form_data.email}\n"
                       f"**Message:** {form_data.message}\n"
                       f"**Service:** {form_data.service}\n"
                       f"**Company Name:** {form_data.companyName}\n"
                       f"**Company URL:** {form_data.companyUrl}"
        }

        # Send to Discord webhook using httpx
        async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
            response = await client.post(os.environ["FASTAPI_DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL"], json=message_content)

        if response.status_code != 204:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=response.status_code, detail="Discord message failed")

        return {"message": "Form data sent successfully"}

    except Exception as e:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=str(e))</code>

Step 5: Environment Variables

Create a .env file:

<code>FASTAPI_DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL=your_discord_webhook_url_here</code>

How It Works:

1. Secure CORS: Limits access to your API to only authorized domains.
2. Data Validation: Pydantic ensures data integrity.
3. Asynchronous Discord Integration: Efficiently sends messages to Discord.
4. Robust Error Handling: Provides informative error responses.

Running the Application:

<code class="language-bash">uvicorn main:app --reload</code>

Access the API at http://localhost:8000.

Security Best Practices:

• Restrict CORS: Only allow necessary domains.
• Environment Variables: Securely store sensitive information.
• Input Validation: Always validate user input.
• Comprehensive Error Handling: Avoid exposing sensitive details.

Frontend Integration Example:

<code class="language-javascript">fetch('your_api_url/submit', {
  method: 'POST',
  headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
  body: JSON.stringify({ /* form data */ })
});</code>

Conclusion:

This secure FastAPI backend provides a reliable and efficient method for handling contact forms and integrating with Discord. The use of asynchronous operations and robust error handling ensures a high-performance and secure solution.

Code: https://www.php.cn/link/d92d7ec47187a662aacda2d4b4c7628e Live: https://www.php.cn/link/775bc655c77d679c193f1982dac04668

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