How Can I Efficiently Determine the Last Day of Any Given Month in SQL?

Determining the last day of the month in SQL: A comprehensive guide

In data processing, determining the last day of the month is a common operation. While there are ways to find the last day of the month for a given first day, generalizing this functionality to any given day requires a more flexible solution.

Using the EOMONTH function (SQL Server 2012 and later)

The EOMONTH function introduced in SQL Server 2012 provides a direct and efficient way to get the last day of the month. This function takes two parameters:

• start_date: The date whose last day of the month is to be found.
• month_to_add (optional): Number of months to add to the start date before calculating the last day of the month. The default value is 0.

Grammar:

<code class="language-sql">EOMONTH ( start_date [, month_to_add ] )</code>

Example:

<code class="language-sql">SELECT EOMONTH(@SomeGivenDate)</code>

This query returns the last day of the month with the value stored in the @SomeGivenDate variable.

For earlier versions of SQL Server

In versions prior to SQL Server 2012, there were other ways to calculate the last day of the month. One way is to use the DATEADD and MONTH functions together, like this:

<code class="language-sql">DATEADD(DAY, DATEADD(MONTH, '2009-05-01', 1), -1)</code>

However, this method is not very versatile when dealing with dates that are not the first of the month. For a more general solution, consider using user-defined functions or stored procedures.

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