How Can I Automatically Manage Different appsettings.json Files for Various Environments in ASP.NET Core?

Simplify ASP.NET Core application environment configuration: automatically manage multiple appsettings.json files

ASP.NET Core applications often need to use different configurations, such as database connection strings and Web API addresses, according to different environments (such as development, testing, production). This article describes how to leverage multiple appsettings.json files and let the application automatically select the appropriate configuration file based on the build configuration, avoiding manual intervention.

UseCreateDefaultBuilder

In .NET Core 3.0 and above, CreateDefaultBuilder simplifies this process. It will automatically build and inject a configuration object into the startup class and include the appropriate ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT files based on the environment variable appsettings.*Environment*.json.

<code class="language-csharp">WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args).UseStartup<Startup>();</code>

<code class="language-csharp">public class Startup
{
    public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
    {
        Configuration = configuration;
    }
}</code>

Create separate appsettings files for each environment: appsettings.live.json, appsettings.development.json, etc.

Set environment variables

Depending on your IDE, here’s how to set environment variables:

• Visual Studio: Project > Properties > Debug > Environment Variables
• Visual Studio Code: .vscode/launch.json > env
• Launch Settings: Edit Properties/launchSettings.json > environmentVariables
• dotnet CLI: Use operating system-specific environment variable assignment syntax

Default configuration loading order

Host.CreateDefaultBuilderThe sequence of initializing IConfiguration is as follows:

1. appsettings.json
2. appsettings.*Environment*.json
3. App secrets for development environment
4. Environment variables
5. Command line parameters

Summary

By using multiple appsettings.json files and setting the appropriate environment variables, ASP.NET Core applications can automatically load the correct configuration of their environment. This simplifies the management of environment-specific settings and increases the overall flexibility of the application.

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