PSR-Autoloading Standard in PHP

Ahnii!

Remember PHP's manual require days? Last week, I helped a team upgrade their legacy app – over 50 require statements per file! Let's see how PSR-4 autoloading solves this.

Understanding PSR-4 (5 minutes)

PSR-4 is your code's automatic file locator. Like a GPS using addresses, PSR-4 uses namespaces to find classes.

Key Concepts (2 minutes)

1. Fully Qualified Class Name (FQCN): VendorPackageClass. Think of it as the complete address of your class.
2. Directory Structure: A well-organized project directory with namespace-to-directory mappings.

Real-World Example (10 minutes)

Project structure:

<code>vendor/
└── jonesrussell/
    └── blog/
        ├── composer.json
        └── src/
            └── Post/
                ├── PostController.php
                └── PostRepository.php</code>

Setting Up Composer (3 minutes)

composer.json:

{
    "name": "jonesrussell/blog",
    "autoload": {
        "psr-4": {
            "JonesRussell\Blog\": "src/"
        }
    }
}

Creating Classes (2 minutes)

PostController.php:

<?php

namespace JonesRussell\Blog\Post;

class PostController
{
    public function index()
    {
        return ['status' => 'Ready to blog!'];
    }
}

Common Patterns (5 minutes)

Multiple Namespace Roots:

{
    "autoload": {
        "psr-4": {
            "JonesRussell\Blog\": "src/",
            "JonesRussell\Blog\Tests\": "tests/"
        }
    }
}

Nested Namespaces: (File location: src/Core/Database/Connection.php)

<?php

namespace JonesRussell\Blog\Core\Database;

class Connection
{
    private $config;

    public function __construct(array $config)
    {
        $this->config = $config;
    }
}

Framework Examples (5 minutes)

Laravel and Symfony use PSR-4 by default.

Laravel Example:

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

class BlogController extends Controller
{
    public function index()
    {
        return view('blog.index');
    }
}

Symfony Example:

<?php

namespace App\Controller;

use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;

class BlogController extends AbstractController
{
    public function index(): Response
    {
        return $this->render('blog/index.html.twig');
    }
}

Troubleshooting (3 minutes)

• "Class Not Found" Errors: Run composer dump-autoload.
• Directory Structure Issues: Ensure your directory structure matches your namespaces (case-sensitive!).

Testing (2 minutes)

Create test-autoload.php:

<?php

require 'vendor/autoload.php';

$controller = new \JonesRussell\Blog\Post\PostController();
var_dump($controller->index()); // Should output "Ready to blog!"

Next Steps

Next, we'll cover PSR-6 (caching). This is part of our PSR Standards series.

Resources

• Official PSR-4 Specification
• Composer Autoloading Documentation
• Series Example Repository (v0.3.0 - PSR-4 Implementation)

The above is the detailed content of PSR-Autoloading Standard in PHP. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!