I Built the ULTIMATE Educational Website from Scratch — Day 4
On day 3, we worked on the content itself, which is required for any website. It may feel weird to call this as Day 4, as it is technically day 6.
Yeah, I know it sounds odd, but on Saturday and on Sundays, I don't work. I spend time with my family and relax, instead of working. Keep in mind, as a developer, it is essential to keep work-life balance.
Today I'll develop, the Covalent Radii Calculator. This was a suggestion given by Noah Kleij, on Day 3, and I had implemented a basic version of that in that day only, but, today I'll make a dedicated page for it inside the directory Chemistry/3/covalent-radii-and-bond-length.html. There are no covalent radii calculators on the market, at least not searchable on Google.
Okay, now let's work on creating the calculator page.
Hour 22: Adding a Calculator
I'll create the covalent-radii-and-bond-length.html file inside the Chemistry/3/ directory. This page will include the Covalent Radii Calculator that we worked on yesterday.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Covalent Radii Calculator </title>
<!-- styles and scripts -->
</head>
<body>
<main>
<!-- Content goes here -->
</main>
<!-- script for molecule calculation and styles -->
</body>
</html>
This has the usual basic HTML, but I intentionally kept it minimal for this page.
Now, let's copy over the text, and also the calculator, and see if everything works. I had written the description using ChatGPT multiple times, as it just wouldn't kill in one go took a lot of time in prompting it.
<main>
<div>
<p>This contains all the text, and also the calculator container.</p>
<p>Now, I'll add the styling for this, inline for now since I don't want to create a new style file, and also since we don't have much time left.<br>
</p>
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><style>
body {
font-family: sans-serif;
line-height: 1.6;
margin: 20px;
color: #d0d0d0;
background-color: #1e1e1e;
transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
position: relative;
display: flex;
}
h2 {
color: #95a5a6;
border-bottom: 2px solid #3498db;
padding-bottom: 5px;
margin-top: 30px;
transition: color 0.3s ease;
position: relative;
}
h2:hover {
color: #3498db;
}
h2:first-of-type {
margin-top: 0;
}
p {
margin-bottom: 15px;
transition: color 0.3s ease;
}
p strong {
font-weight: 600;
color: #e74c3c;
}
p:hover {
color: #bbb;
}
ul,
ol {
margin-bottom: 15px;
padding-left: 20px;
}
li {
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
table {
width: 100%;
border-collapse: collapse;
margin-bottom: 20px;
box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
background-color: #2c2c2c;
}
th,
td {
border: 1px solid #555;
padding: 8px;
text-align: left;
transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
}
th {
background-color: #3498db;
color: white;
}
tr:nth-child(even) {
background-color: #333;
}
tr:hover {
background-color: #444;
}
img {
max-width: 100%;
height: auto;
display: block;
margin: 20px auto;
box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}
img:hover {
transform: scale(1.05);
}
a {
color: #3498db;
text-decoration: none;
transition: color 0.3s ease;
}
a:hover {
color: #217dbb;
}
/* Progress Bar */
#progress-bar {
position: fixed;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 0%;
height: 5px;
background-color: #3498db;
transition: width 0.3s ease;
z-index: 1000;
}
/* Completed Checkmark */
h2::after {
content: '13';
position: absolute;
right: 10px;
top: 50%;
transform: translateY(-50%);
color: #3498db;
font-size: 1.2em;
opacity: 0;
transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}
h2.completed::after {
opacity: 1;
}
/* Sidebar Styles */
#sidebar {
position: fixed;
top: 20px;
left: 20px;
width: 220px;
height: calc(100vh - 40px);
background-color: #2c2c2c;
padding: 15px;
box-shadow: 2px 0 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
overflow-y: auto;
z-index: 999;
}
#sidebar::-webkit-scrollbar {
width: 0px;
}
#sidebar ul {
list-style: none;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
#sidebar li {
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
#sidebar a {
display: block;
color: #95a5a6;
padding: 10px 12px;
transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
border-radius: 4px;
}
#sidebar a:hover,
#sidebar a.active {
background-color: #333;
color: #fff;
}
/* Main content area adjustment */
main {
flex: 1;
padding: 10px;
margin-right: 60px;
}
/* Animations */
@keyframes fadeIn {
from {
opacity: 0;
transform: translateY(-10px);
}
to {
opacity: 1;
transform: translateY(0);
}
}
body,
h2,
p,
ul,
ol,
table,
img {
animation: fadeIn 0.5s ease-out;
}
/* Right sidebar */
#right-sidebar {
position: fixed;
top: 20px;
right: 20px;
width: 40px;
/* Adjusted width */
height: calc(100vh - 40px);
background-color: #2c2c2c;
padding: 15px 0;
/* Adjusted padding */
box-shadow: -2px 0 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
z-index: 999;
border-radius: 0.5rem;
}
#right-sidebar a {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
color: #95a5a6;
padding: 10px;
transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
border-radius: 4px;
margin-bottom: 5px;
height: 40px;
/* Set height for a circular look */
width: 40px;
/* Set width for a circular look */
}
#right-sidebar a:hover,
#right-sidebar a.active {
background-color: #333;
color: #fff;
}
#right-sidebar img {
max-width: 20px;
height: auto;
display: block;
margin: 0 auto;
filter: invert(65%) sepia(3%) saturate(69%) hue-rotate(185deg) brightness(87%) contrast(86%);
transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}
#right-sidebar a:hover img,
#right-sidebar a.active img {
filter: invert(100%) sepia(0%) saturate(0%) hue-rotate(221deg) brightness(105%) contrast(102%);
transform: scale(1.1);
}
/* Responsive adjustments for smaller screens */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
body {
flex-direction: column;
/* Stack elements vertically */
margin: 10px;
/* Reduce margin */
}
main {
padding: 5px;
}
#sidebar {
position: static;
/* Make sidebar static */
width: 100%;
/* Full width */
height: auto;
margin-bottom: 10px;
/* Add margin below sidebar */
box-shadow: none;
}
#sidebar ul {
display: flex;
overflow-x: auto;
padding: 0px 10px;
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
#sidebar li {
margin-bottom: 0px;
}
#sidebar a {
padding: 10px 10px;
margin: 0px 5px;
white-space: nowrap;
border-radius: 10px;
}
#right-sidebar {
position: fixed;
top: initial;
/* Remove top position */
bottom: 0;
/* Stick to bottom */
right: 0;
width: 100%;
height: auto;
/* Adjust height */
flex-direction: row;
padding: 0;
border-radius: 0;
box-shadow: none;
}
#right-sidebar a {
margin-bottom: 0;
/* Remove bottom margin */
width: auto;
height: 40px;
}
#right-sidebar img {
max-width: 20px;
}
}
@media (min-width: 769px) {
/* Adjust main content for larger screens to reduce gap if needed */
main {
margin-left: 50px;
/* Further reduce the margin */
}
}
</style>
<style for="Calculator">
.calculator-container {
background-color: #2c2c2c;
padding: 20px;
border-radius: 8px;
box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
margin: 20px 0;
}
.calculator-controls {
display: flex;
gap: 10px;
margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.calculator-controls input,
.calculator-controls button {
padding: 10px;
border-radius: 4px;
border: 1px solid #555;
background-color: #333;
color: #d0d0d0;
transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
}
.calculator-controls input:focus,
.calculator-controls button:focus{
outline: none;
box-shadow: 0 0 5px #3498db;
}
.calculator-controls input{
flex: 2;
}
.calculator-controls button{
flex: 1;
}
.calculator-controls button:hover {
background-color: #3498db;
color: white;
cursor: pointer;
}
#calculator-output {
overflow-x: auto; /* Enable horizontal scrolling for wider tables */
}
#calculator-output table {
width: 100%;
border-collapse: collapse;
margin-top: 10px;
box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}
#calculator-output th,
#calculator-output td {
border: 1px solid #555;
padding: 8px;
text-align: left;
}
#calculator-output th {
background-color: #3498db;
color: white;
}
#calculator-output tr:nth-child(even) {
background-color: #333;
}
#calculator-output tr:hover {
background-color: #444;
}
/* Loading Spinner */
.loading-spinner {
border: 4px solid #f3f3f3;
border-top: 4px solid #3498db;
border-radius: 50%;
width: 30px;
height: 30px;
animation: spin 1s linear infinite;
margin: 20px auto;
display: none;
}
@keyframes spin {
0% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
100% { transform: rotate(360deg); }
}
.calculator-container h2 {
margin-top: 0; /* Remove top margin for calculator heading */
}
.calculator-controls {
display: flex;
gap: 10px;
margin-bottom: 20px;
align-items: center; /* Align input, SVG, and button vertically */
}
#molecule-svg-container {
width: 50px; /* Adjust size as needed */
height: 50px;
border: 1px solid #555; /* Optional border */
border-radius: 4px;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
#molecule-svg-container svg {
max-width: 100%;
max-height: 100%;
}
</style>
This will handle the styling for the entire content page, with the calculator and the main content. Different from the previous one, this on has a dark theme for the content, and the navigation bar for the site on right side. As a person, searching with the intent of "Covalent Radii Calculator", they want the calculator, do certain calculations and then leave the site. They are primarily the one, who has time to actually navigate the site.
Usually students pursuing higher degree education in Chemistry, search these terms. So, it is good not to waste their time. And we did keep the navigation, just moved it towards the right on desktop and towards the bottom on mobile. We just straight-up showed them the calculator, and not waste any of their time, looking at the navigation. Just giving them what they want. Remember: Matching the Search Intent should be your priority. If it doesn't it is not gonna be promoted by any Search Engine.
Finally, let's add the javascript, this contains the logic for the calculator, and updating the svg, which is currently available for a few molecules only, as I neither had time nor the skill of SVGs:
<script>
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {
let moleculeInput = document.getElementById('molecule-input');
let calculateBtn = document.getElementById('calculate-btn-56');
let calculatorOutput = document.getElementById('calculator-output-56');
let moleculeSvgContainer = document.getElementById('molecule-svg-container');
const covalentRadii = {
'H': 31, 'He': 28, 'Li': 128, 'Be': 96, 'B': 84, 'C': 73, 'N': 71, 'O': 66, 'F': 57, 'Ne': 58,
'Na': 166, 'Mg': 141, 'Al': 121, 'Si': 111, 'P': 107, 'S': 105, 'Cl': 102, 'Ar': 106,
'K': 203, 'Ca': 176, 'Sc': 170, 'Ti': 160, 'V': 153, 'Cr': 139, 'Mn': 139, 'Fe': 132, 'Co': 126,
'Ni': 124, 'Cu': 132, 'Zn': 122, 'Ga': 122, 'Ge': 120, 'As': 119, 'Se': 120, 'Br': 120, 'Kr': 116,
'Rb': 220, 'Sr': 195, 'Y': 190, 'Zr': 175, 'Nb': 164, 'Mo': 154, 'Tc': 147, 'Ru': 146, 'Rh': 142,
'Pd': 139, 'Ag': 145, 'Cd': 144, 'In': 142, 'Sn': 139, 'Sb': 139, 'Te': 138, 'I': 139, 'Xe': 140,
'Cs': 244, 'Ba': 215, 'La': 207, 'Ce': 204, 'Pr': 203, 'Nd': 201, 'Pm': 199, 'Sm': 198, 'Eu': 198,
'Gd': 196, 'Tb': 194, 'Dy': 192, 'Ho': 192, 'Er': 189, 'Tm': 190, 'Yb': 187, 'Lu': 187,
'Hf': 175, 'Ta': 170, 'W': 162, 'Re': 151, 'Os': 144, 'Ir': 141, 'Pt': 138, 'Au': 138, 'Hg': 149,
'Tl': 148, 'Pb': 146, 'Bi': 148, 'Po': 140, 'At': 150, 'Rn': 145
};
const electronegativity = {
'H': 2.20, 'Li': 0.98, 'Be': 1.57, 'B': 2.04, 'C': 2.55, 'N': 3.04, 'O': 3.44, 'F': 3.98, 'Na': 0.93,
'Mg': 1.31, 'Al': 1.61, 'Si': 1.90, 'P': 2.19, 'S': 2.58, 'Cl': 3.16, 'K': 0.82, 'Ca': 1.00, 'Sc': 1.36,
'Ti': 1.54, 'V': 1.63, 'Cr': 1.66, 'Mn': 1.55, 'Fe': 1.83, 'Co': 1.88, 'Ni': 1.91, 'Cu': 1.90,
'Zn': 1.65, 'Ga': 1.81, 'Ge': 2.01, 'As': 2.18, 'Se': 2.55, 'Br': 2.96, 'Rb': 0.82, 'Sr': 0.95,
'Y': 1.22, 'Zr': 1.33, 'Nb': 1.60, 'Mo': 2.16, 'Tc': 1.90, 'Ru': 2.20, 'Rh': 2.28, 'Pd': 2.20,
'Ag': 1.93, 'Cd': 1.69, 'In': 1.78, 'Sn': 1.96, 'Sb': 2.05, 'Te': 2.10, 'I': 2.66, 'Cs': 0.79,
'Ba': 0.89, 'La': 1.10, 'Ce': 1.12, 'Pr': 1.13, 'Nd': 1.14, 'Pm': 1.13, 'Sm': 1.17, 'Eu': 1.20,
'Gd': 1.20, 'Tb': 1.20, 'Dy': 1.22, 'Ho': 1.23, 'Er': 1.24, 'Tm': 1.25, 'Yb': 1.1, 'Lu': 1.27,
'Hf': 1.3, 'Ta': 1.5, 'W': 2.36, 'Re': 1.9, 'Os': 2.2, 'Ir': 2.2, 'Pt': 2.28, 'Au': 2.54,
'Hg': 2.00, 'Tl': 1.62, 'Pb': 2.33, 'Bi': 2.02, 'Po': 2.0, 'At': 2.0 , 'Rn': 2.2
};
function parseMolecule(formula) {
const regex = /([A-Z][a-z]*)(d*)/g;
let match;
const elements = {};
while ((match = regex.exec(formula)) !== null) {
const element = match[1];
const count = parseInt(match[2] || 1, 10);
elements[element] = (elements[element] || 0) count;
}
return elements;
}
function calculateBondLengths(molecule) {
const elements = parseMolecule(molecule);
const elementSymbols = Object.keys(elements);
const results = [];
const bonds = [];
const radiiInfo = [];
//First add the covalent radii of the different atoms to the result.
for (const element of elementSymbols) {
if (covalentRadii[element]) {
radiiInfo.push({
element: element,
radius: covalentRadii[element]
});
}
}
for (let i = 0; i < elementSymbols.length; i ) {
for (let j = i 1; j < elementSymbols.length; j ) {
const elementA = elementSymbols[i];
const elementB = elementSymbols[j];
if (covalentRadii[elementA] && covalentRadii[elementB] && electronegativity[elementA] && electronegativity[elementB]) {
const rA = covalentRadii[elementA];
const rB = covalentRadii[elementB];
const deltaChi = Math.abs(electronegativity[elementA] - electronegativity[elementB]);
const bondLength = rA rB - 9 * deltaChi;
const bondData = {
bond: `${elementA}-${elementB}`,
bondLength: bondLength.toFixed(2),
};
bonds.push(bondData);
}
}
}
if (bonds.length === 0 && radiiInfo.length === 0) {
return results; //No calculations to be done.
}
if (radiiInfo.length > 0) {
results.push({
radiiData: radiiInfo,
type: "covalentRadius"
});
}
if (bonds.length > 0) {
bonds.forEach(bond => {
results.push({
bond: bond.bond,
bondLength: bond.bondLength,
type: "bondLength"
});
});
}
return results;
}
calculateBtn.addEventListener('click', function () {
const molecule = moleculeInput.value.trim();
if (!molecule) {
alert('Please enter a molecule.');
return;
}
calculatorOutput.innerHTML = '<div>
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