How to Aggregate Multiple Rows into a Single Row in Oracle SQL?

Oracle SQL merge multiple rows into a single row

In Oracle database, you may need to merge multiple rows in a table into one row, creating a table structure with multiple columns. Suppose there is a table with the following schema:

<code>A 1
A 2
B 1
B 2</code>

To achieve the following expected results:

<code>A 1 2
B 1 2</code>

Oracle provides specific SQL functions to meet this need:

WM_CONCAT function (deprecated)

Warning: The WM_CONCAT function is now deprecated and has been removed in Oracle 12c and later. Using it in later versions may cause unpredictable results.

SELECT field1, WM_CONCAT(field2)
FROM YourTable
GROUP BY field2;

LISTAGG function

For newer Oracle versions, it is recommended to use the LISTAGG function:

SELECT field1, LISTAGG(field2, ',') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY field2)
FROM YourTable
GROUP BY field1;

Custom aggregation

If neither the WM_CONCAT nor the LISTAGG functions are available in your version of Oracle, you can implement custom aggregations by following these steps:

1. Create a temporary table to store aggregated data.
2. Insert required data into temporary table using loop or recursion.
3. Retrieve aggregate data from a temporary table.

Please note that custom aggregations may be more complex and computationally intensive than using predefined functions.

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