How Can I Parse SQL Code in C# Using Microsoft's SQL Parser?

Parse SQL code in C# using Microsoft parser

Parsing SQL code in C# allows developers to analyze and extract meaningful information from database queries. For this purpose, Microsoft SQL Server provides a dedicated parser in the Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SqlParser.Parser namespace. This parser provides extensive functionality for parsing Transact-SQL (T-SQL) and American National Standards Institute Structured Query Language (ANSI SQL) code.

Basic functions for parsing SQL code

SQL parser in C# helps developers by:

• Tokenize SQL code, breaking it into individual tokens that represent language elements such as keywords, identifiers, and operators.
• Identifies and sorts tags based on their categories (e.g. keywords, literals, operators, punctuation).
• Generate a tree or other structure that represents the logical structure of SQL code.
• Determine the statement type represented by each node in the tree (e.g. SELECT, UPDATE, LOOP).

Example parsing code

To demonstrate the parsing process, consider the following code:

IEnumerable<TokenInfo> ParseSql(string sql)
{
    ParseOptions parseOptions = new ParseOptions();
    Scanner scanner = new Scanner(parseOptions);

    // 初始化解析的变量和数据结构。

    while ((token = scanner.GetNext(ref state, out start, out end, out isPairMatch, out isExecAutoParamHelp)) != (int)Tokens.EOF)
    {
        // 为每个标记创建一个 TokenInfo 实例。

        tokens.Add(tokenInfo);
    }

    return tokens;
}

In this example, the ParseSql method parses the T-SQL code into a sequence of tokens. The TokenInfo class holds information about each tag, including its starting and ending positions, category, and SQL text.

Note: The Tokens enum defines possible tag categories such as TOKEN_BEGIN, TOKEN_COMMIT, and TOKEN_EXISTS.

Availability and Updates

The Microsoft SQL Server parser is included with SQL Server and can be freely distributed. It is also available as a separate NuGet package for easy integration into C# applications.

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