How to Execute Raw SQL Statements in Flask-SQLAlchemy?

Execute raw SQL statements in Flask-SQLAlchemy

In Flask-SQLAlchemy applications, when processing complex queries involving table joins and inline views, it is often necessary to execute raw SQL statements. SQLAlchemy provides several methods for this, depending on the version used.

SQLAlchemy 2.0

With SQLAlchemy 2.0, raw SQL can be executed through the engine.connect() context manager as follows:

with engine.connect() as connection:
    result = connection.execute(text('SELECT * FROM your_table'))
    # 对结果对象进行操作...

SQLAlchemy 1.x

In SQLAlchemy 1.x, raw SQL execution requires the text module as follows:

from sqlalchemy import text

sql = text('select name from penguins')
result = db.engine.execute(sql)
names = [row[0] for row in result]
print(names)

It should be noted that db.engine.execute() in SQLAlchemy 1.x does not establish a connection when executing statements, which has been deprecated in SQLAlchemy 2.0.

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