


Scalable Python backend: Building a containerized FastAPI Application with uv, Docker, and pre-commit: a step-by-step guide
In today's containerized world, efficient backend application deployment is crucial. FastAPI, a popular Python framework, excels at creating fast, high-performance APIs. We'll use uv
, a package manager, to streamline dependency management.
uv
Assuming you've installed uv
and Docker, let's create our app: uv init simple-app
. This generates:
<code>simple-app/ ├── .python-version ├── README.md ├── hello.py └── pyproject.toml</code>
pyproject.toml
holds project metadata:
[project] name = "simple-app" version = "0.1.0" description = "Add your description here" readme = "README.md" requires-python = ">=3.11" dependencies = []
Add project dependencies to pyproject.toml
:
dependencies = [ "fastapi[standard]=0.114.2", "python-multipart=0.0.7", "email-validator=2.1.0", "pydantic>2.0", "SQLAlchemy>2.0", "alembic=1.12.1", ] [tool.uv] dev-dependencies = [ "pytest=7.4.3", "mypy=1.8.0", "ruff=0.2.2", "pre-commit=4.0.0", ]
The [tool.uv]
section defines development dependencies excluded during deployment. Run uv sync
to:
- Create
uv.lock
. - Create a virtual environment (
.venv
).uv
downloads a Python interpreter if needed. - Install dependencies.
FastAPI
Create the FastAPI application structure:
<code>recipe-app/ ├── app/ │ ├── main.py │ ├── __init__.py │ └── ... ├── .python-version ├── README.md └── pyproject.toml</code>
In app/main.py
:
from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel app = FastAPI() class Hello(BaseModel): message: str @app.get("/", response_model=Hello) async def hello() -> Hello: return Hello(message="Hi, I am using FastAPI")
Run with: uv run fastapi dev app/main.py
. You'll see output similar to:
Access it at https://www.php.cn/link/c099034308f2a231c24281de338726c1.
Docker
Let's Dockerize. We'll develop within containers. Add a Dockerfile
:
FROM python:3.11-slim ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 COPY --from=ghcr.io/astral-sh/uv:0.5.11 /uv /uvx /bin/ ENV UV_COMPILE_BYTE=1 ENV UV_LINK_MODE=copy WORKDIR /app ENV PATH="/app/.venv/bin:$PATH" COPY ./pyproject.toml ./uv.lock ./.python-version /app/ RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/uv \ --mount=type=bind,source=uv.lock,target=uv.lock \ --mount=type=bind,source=pyproject.toml,target=pyproject.toml \ uv sync --frozen --no-install-project --no-dev COPY ./app /app/app RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/uv \ uv sync --frozen --no-dev CMD ["fastapi", "dev", "app/main.py", "--host", "0.0.0.0"]
For easier container management, use docker-compose.yaml
:
services: app: build: context: . dockerfile: Dockerfile working_dir: /app volumes: - ./app:/app/app ports: - "${APP_PORT:-8000}:8000" environment: - DATABASE_URL=${DATABASE_URL} depends_on: - postgres postgres: image: postgres:15 environment: POSTGRES_DB: ${POSTGRES_DB} POSTGRES_USER: ${POSTGRES_USER} POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${POSTGRES_PASSWORD} volumes: - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data volumes: postgres_data: {}
Create a .env
file with environment variables. Run with: docker compose up --build
.
[tool.uv]
and Development Tools
The [tool.uv]
section in pyproject.toml
lists development tools:
- pytest: Testing framework (out of scope here).
- mypy: Static type checker. Run manually:
uv run mypy app
. - ruff: Fast linter (replaces multiple tools).
- pre-commit: Manages pre-commit hooks. Create
.pre-commit-config.yaml
:
repos: - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks rev: v4.4.0 hooks: - id: check-added-large-files - id: check-toml - id: check-yaml args: - --unsafe - id: end-of-file-fixer - id: trailing-whitespace - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit rev: v0.8.6 hooks: - id: ruff args: [--fix] - id: ruff-format
Add pyproject.toml
configurations for mypy
and ruff
(example provided in the original text). Install a VS Code Ruff extension for real-time linting. This setup ensures consistent code style, type checking, and pre-commit checks for a streamlined workflow.
The above is the detailed content of Scalable Python backend: Building a containerized FastAPI Application with uv, Docker, and pre-commit: a step-by-step guide. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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