How to Set Up a Node.js Web Server on Raspberry Pi

Setting up a Node.js web server on a Raspberry Pi: A step-by-step guide

A few years back, I acquired a Raspberry Pi Model B , and recently decided to transform it into a web server. This journey highlighted a key point: a Raspberry Pi functions as a miniature PC, requiring an operating system (OS). This contrasts with boards like Arduino, which execute programs directly without an OS.

Here’s how to build a Node.js web server on a Raspberry Pi from scratch:

1. Install Raspberry Pi Imager:

This tool facilitates installing Raspberry Pi OS onto a microSD card. While alternatives like Debian or Ubuntu exist, Raspberry Pi OS is officially recommended for optimal performance.

2. Install Raspberry Pi OS:

Launch Raspberry Pi Imager and configure these settings:

• Raspberry Pi Device: Select your model.
• Operating System: Choose the recommended OS.
• Storage: Specify your microSD card.

I used the default settings. Upon completion, you'll see a success message:

3. Connect Peripherals: Insert the microSD card into your Raspberry Pi. Connect a mouse, keyboard, monitor, Ethernet cable, and power cable (power last is recommended).

Note the microSD card's location.

After booting, you'll see the desktop welcome screen:

Your Raspberry Pi OS is now ready.

4. System Updates:

Open a terminal and run these commands:

<code class="language-bash">sudo apt-get update -y
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -y</code>

5. Install Node.js and npm:

<code class="language-bash">sudo apt-get install nodejs -y
sudo apt-get install npm -y</code>

Verify installation:

<code class="language-bash">node -v
npm -v</code>

6. Install Express:

Express simplifies web server creation. I used the generator with default options:

<code class="language-bash">sudo apt-get update -y
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -y</code>

7. Install npm Packages:

<code class="language-bash">sudo apt-get install nodejs -y
sudo apt-get install npm -y</code>

8. Run the Server:

<code class="language-bash">node -v
npm -v</code>

The server defaults to port 3000. Access it from another device using the Raspberry Pi's IP address (e.g., http://192.168.1.239:3000).

Your Express app is now network-accessible. Note that older models like the B might have slower processing times due to limited resources.

Conclusion:

The Raspberry Pi's versatility extends to IoT integration. While the B has limitations, newer models offer enhanced performance. The ability to run a Linux OS unlocks a wide range of package installations.

Extra:

Initially, I attempted Next.js, encountering a "JavaScript heap out of memory" error. Express proved a more suitable alternative for this older board. Remember resource constraints when choosing frameworks.

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