How to Monitor Clipboard Changes in C#?

C# clipboard change monitoring method

C# itself does not directly notify the dedicated event of clipboard modification. However, we can solve this problem by implementing the "clipboard monitoring" function through auxiliary controls.

This method requires creating a custom control that inherits from the Control class and contains the ClipboardChanged event. The control's constructor should set up the clipboard viewer window and attach it to the clipboard chain.

When the clipboard content changes, the control's WndProc method will intercept the WM_DRAWCLIPBOARD message and trigger the ClipboardChanged event. This event handler can be used to retrieve the modified clipboard contents.

The following is an example implementation of a clipboard monitoring control:

<code class="language-csharp">using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Drawing;

namespace ClipboardAssist {

// 必须继承Control，而不是Component，才能拥有Handle
[DefaultEvent("ClipboardChanged")]
public partial class ClipboardMonitor : Control {
    IntPtr nextClipboardViewer;

    public ClipboardMonitor()
    {
        this.BackColor = Color.Red;
        this.Visible = false;

        nextClipboardViewer = (IntPtr)SetClipboardViewer((int)this.Handle);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 剪贴板内容已更改。
    /// </summary>
    public event EventHandler<ClipboardChangedEventArgs> ClipboardChanged;

    protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        ChangeClipboardChain(this.Handle, nextClipboardViewer);
    }

    [DllImport("User32.dll")]
    protected static extern int SetClipboardViewer(int hWndNewViewer);

    [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
    public static extern bool ChangeClipboardChain(IntPtr hWndRemove, IntPtr hWndNewNext);

    [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
    public static extern int SendMessage(IntPtr hwnd, int wMsg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);

    protected override void WndProc(ref System.Windows.Forms.Message m)
    {
        // 定义于winuser.h
        const int WM_DRAWCLIPBOARD = 0x308;
        const int WM_CHANGECBCHAIN = 0x030D;

        switch (m.Msg)
        {
            case WM_DRAWCLIPBOARD:
                OnClipboardChanged();
                SendMessage(nextClipboardViewer, m.Msg, m.WParam, m.LParam);
                break;

            case WM_CHANGECBCHAIN:
                if (m.WParam == nextClipboardViewer)
                    nextClipboardViewer = m.LParam;
                else
                    SendMessage(nextClipboardViewer, m.Msg, m.WParam, m.LParam);
                break;

            default:
                base.WndProc(ref m);
                break;
        }
    }

    void OnClipboardChanged()
    {
        try
        {
            IDataObject iData = Clipboard.GetDataObject();
            if (ClipboardChanged != null)
            {
                ClipboardChanged(this, new ClipboardChangedEventArgs(iData));
            }

        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            // 忽略或弹出，不确定
            // Trace.Write(e.ToString());
            MessageBox.Show(e.ToString());
        }
    }
}

public class ClipboardChangedEventArgs : EventArgs
{
    public readonly IDataObject DataObject;

    public ClipboardChangedEventArgs(IDataObject dataObject)
    {
        DataObject = dataObject;
    }
}
}</code>

By using this control, you can monitor clipboard changes in your C# application.

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