What's the Exact Constructor Execution Order in C#?

Execution order of constructors in C#

The execution order of constructors in C# can sometimes be confusing. When a class contains a parameterized constructor that also calls a base class constructor, the order in which the constructors are executed is less intuitive.

Execution order

The execution sequence of the class constructor is as follows:

1. Member variable initialization: Member variables of all classes in the inheritance system are initialized to default values.
2. The most derived class:
   • Execute the variable initializer of most derived classes.
   • The constructor chain determines which base class constructor is called.
3. Base class initialization:
   • Recursively call the base class constructor.
4. Derived class constructor body:
   • Execute the constructor bodies in the current class sequentially, including any chained constructors (e.g., Foo() : this()).

Differences from Java

It should be noted that in Java, base classes are initialized before executing variable initializers. This is a key difference that you must be aware of when porting code between C# and Java.

More resources

For more details about constructor execution order in C#, see the following resources:

• Constructor execution order

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