How to Reliably Compare Floating-Point Numbers in C#?

C# floating point comparison function

In C#, comparison of floating point numbers can present challenges due to their inherent precision limitations. To solve this problem, consider implementing a custom comparison function.

IsEqual function

Writing a generic IsEqual function for floating point values ​​can be challenging. A common approach is to use a tolerance threshold, or epsilon. For example:

<code class="language-csharp">public static bool NearlyEqual(double a, double b, double epsilon)
{
    const double MinNormal = 2.2250738585072014E-308d;
    double absA = Math.Abs(a);
    double absB = Math.Abs(b);
    double diff = Math.Abs(a - b);

    // 处理特殊情况（例如，无穷大）
    if (a.Equals(b))
        return true;

    // 考虑 a 或 b 接近零的情况
    if (a == 0 || b == 0 || absA + absB < MinNormal)
        return diff < epsilon;

    // 使用相对误差
    return diff / (absA + absB) < epsilon;
}</code>

IsGreater and IsLess functions

The method of implementing IsGreater and IsLess functions is similar:

<code class="language-csharp">public static bool IsGreater(double a, double b, double epsilon)
{
    // 处理特殊情况
    if (a.CompareTo(b) > 0)
        return true;
    if (a.CompareTo(b) == 0)
        return false;

    // 对非零情况使用相对误差
    double diff = a - b;
    double absA = Math.Abs(a);
    double absB = Math.Abs(b);
    return diff / (absA + absB) > epsilon;
}

public static bool IsLess(double a, double b, double epsilon)
{
    // IsGreater 的反向操作
    return IsGreater(b, a, epsilon);
}</code>

These functions provide a useful way to compare floating point values ​​in C# while taking into account their inherent precision limitations.

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