How Can I Implement a Generic Timeout Mechanism for Code Execution in C#?

C# Universal Code Execution Timeout Mechanism: A Complete Guide

In software development, controlling the execution time of code blocks is crucial, especially when dealing with unreliable or time-consuming external dependencies such as API calls or database queries. To do this, a common way to set timeouts for single lines of code is needed.

Implement universal timeout mechanism

The core of building a universal timeout mechanism is to terminate long-running code and intercept possible errors. For this we can adopt a layered solution:

• Wrapped Delegate: Creates a delegate that captures the target code and provides access to the thread handle.
• Timeout Execution Method: Creates a method (such as CallWithTimeout) that receives an operation and a timeout duration as input. This method starts code execution on a separate thread and attaches a wrapping delegate to track progress.
• Thread Termination: Upon timeout, terminate the thread responsible for long-running code and throw TimeoutException.

Practical operation

The following are the specific implementation details:

<code class="language-csharp">class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // 设置 6000 毫秒（6 秒）的超时
        CallWithTimeout(FiveSecondMethod, 6000);

        // 设置 4000 毫秒（4 秒）的超时
        CallWithTimeout(FiveSecondMethod, 4000);
    }

    static void FiveSecondMethod()
    {
        Thread.Sleep(5000);
    }
}

static void CallWithTimeout(Action action, int timeoutMilliseconds)
{
    Thread threadToKill = null;

    Action wrappedAction = () =>
    {
        threadToKill = Thread.CurrentThread;
        try
        {
            action();
        }
        catch (ThreadAbortException ex)
        {
            Thread.ResetAbort(); // 避免强制终止
        }
    };

    IAsyncResult result = wrappedAction.BeginInvoke(null, null);

    if (result.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne(timeoutMilliseconds))
    {
        wrappedAction.EndInvoke(result);
    }
    else
    {
        threadToKill.Abort();
        throw new TimeoutException();
    }
}</code>

This implementation allows you to execute code with well-defined timeouts while providing flexibility and elegant control over execution.

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