Top most asked Spring Boot Questions in Interviews.-javaTutorial-php.cn

Top most asked Spring Boot Questions in Interviews.

Susan Sarandon

Release： 2025-01-24 02:10:09

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Spring Boot Essentials: A Comprehensive Guide

This guide provides answers to key questions about Spring Boot, a powerful framework for building stand-alone, production-grade Spring-based applications.

Core Spring Boot Concepts:

Spring Boot Features: Spring Boot simplifies Spring application development by providing auto-configuration, starter dependencies, and embedded servers, eliminating boilerplate code and configuration. It promotes convention over configuration.
Key Components: Core components include Spring Boot Starter dependencies, the @SpringBootApplication annotation, embedded servers (like Tomcat or Netty), Spring Data (for database interaction), and Spring MVC (for web applications).
Advantages of Spring Boot: Faster development, easier deployment (standalone JARs), improved productivity, reduced configuration, and better testing capabilities are key advantages.
Spring Boot Starter Dependencies: These dependencies simplify project setup by including all necessary libraries for specific functionalities (e.g., spring-boot-starter-web for web applications, spring-boot-starter-data-jpa for JPA).
Starting a Spring Application: The main method typically calls SpringApplication.run(), which bootstraps the application context.
@SpringBootApplication Annotation: This annotation combines @Configuration, @EnableAutoConfiguration, and @ComponentScan, enabling Spring Boot's core features.
Spring Initializr: A web-based tool that generates Spring Boot projects with pre-configured dependencies.
Spring Boot CLI: A command-line interface for creating and running Spring Boot applications. Common commands include create, run, and test.
JPA in Spring Boot: Java Persistence API (JPA) simplifies database interaction using annotations and interfaces. Spring Boot integrates seamlessly with JPA through frameworks like Hibernate.
Starters in Spring Boot: Starters are pre-packaged dependencies that simplify the inclusion of related libraries. They reduce the need for manual dependency management.
External Configuration Handling: Spring Boot supports various external configuration sources, including properties files (application.properties, application.yml), environment variables, and command-line arguments.
application.properties (or application.yml): This file contains application configuration properties. .yml offers a more structured, YAML-based configuration.
Auto-Configuration Mechanism: Spring Boot automatically configures beans based on the dependencies found in the classpath. It intelligently infers settings and avoids unnecessary configuration.
@Component Annotation: Marks a class as a Spring-managed bean, making it available for dependency injection.
Annotation Differences (@Component, @Repository, @Service, @Controller): These are stereotype annotations, specializing @Component. @Repository is for data access objects, @Service for business logic, and @Controller for web controllers.
Dependency Management: Spring Boot simplifies dependency management using a parent POM (Project Object Model) that manages versions and transitive dependencies.
@Autowired Annotation: Enables automatic dependency injection by type.
@Qualifier Annotation: Used with @Autowired to specify a bean when multiple beans of the same type exist.
SpringApplication.run() Method: The entry point for launching a Spring Boot application.
Spring Boot CLI (already defined above).
@RequestMapping Annotation: Maps HTTP requests to specific controller methods in Spring MVC.
Spring MVC vs. Spring Boot: Spring MVC is a web framework; Spring Boot is a framework that simplifies building Spring applications, including Spring MVC applications. Spring Boot builds on top of Spring MVC.
@RestController Annotation: Combines @Controller and @ResponseBody, indicating that the controller methods return data directly in the response body (e.g., JSON or XML).
@RestController vs. @Controller: @Controller renders views; @RestController returns data directly.
@PathVariable, @RequestBody, @RequestParam Annotations: These annotations are used in controller methods to handle different aspects of HTTP requests. @PathVariable extracts values from the URL path, @RequestBody reads the request body (often JSON), and @RequestParam gets parameters from the query string.
Database Support: Spring Boot simplifies database interaction through Spring Data JPA, JDBC, or other data access technologies.
@Entity Annotation: Marks a class as a JPA entity, representing a table in the database.
@GeneratedValue Annotation: Specifies how the primary key of an entity is generated (e.g., auto-increment).
@Id Annotation: Marks a field as the primary key of a JPA entity.
ResponseEntity: A class that encapsulates HTTP status codes and response bodies, providing more control over HTTP responses.

Top most asked Spring Boot Questions in Interviews.

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