How Can I Reliably Iterate Through Selenium WindowHandles in Internet Explorer 11?

Efficiently Managing Multiple Browser Windows with Selenium in IE11

Effective web testing often requires managing multiple browser tabs and windows. Selenium WebDriver, while powerful, presents challenges when handling WindowHandles in Internet Explorer 11, primarily due to the inconsistent order in which handles are returned.

The Unpredictable Nature of WindowHandles

Selenium's documentation explicitly states that the order of WindowHandles is not guaranteed. This makes relying on index-based switching unreliable and prone to errors. While some users address this by creating a dictionary mapping handles to page types, this adds complexity and maintenance overhead, especially when windows are closed.

A Superior Approach: Dynamic Handle Collection

A more robust solution involves dynamically collecting WindowHandles using getWindowHandles each time a new window is opened. This ensures the handles are always in the order of creation.

Java Code Example

The following Java code demonstrates this improved technique:

<code class="language-java">// Initialize WebDriver
WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
driver.get("http://www.google.com");

// Open new windows/tabs
((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("window.open('http://facebook.com/');");
((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("window.open('http://youtube.com/');");

// Collect and iterate through window handles
Set<String> windowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();
Iterator<String> iterator = windowHandles.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
    String handle = iterator.next();
    driver.switchTo().window(handle);
    // Perform actions on the current window
}</code>

Summary

This dynamic handle collection method offers a cleaner, more reliable approach to managing multiple windows in Selenium for Internet Explorer 11, avoiding the complexities of manual handle tracking and ensuring consistent window switching.

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