How Can I Reliably Track and Iterate Through Selenium Window Handles?

The best way to track and iterate over tabs and windows in Selenium (using WindowHandles)

In software testing, keeping track of multiple tabs and windows can be a challenge. Selenium provides the WindowHandles property to manage this problem, but its unpredictable sort order can be a drawback.

Randomness of WindowHandle order

As mentioned in the given discussion, Selenium does not guarantee that the order of window handles is in the order in which the windows were created. This randomness makes it difficult to iterate over the windows in the desired order.

Alternatives

To solve this problem, we can use a more reliable method:

1. Introducing WebDriverWait: This ensures that WebDriver waits for a new tab or window to fully load before collecting a handle.
2. Collect window handles: Retrieve a set of window handles after opening a new tab or window.
3. Iterate and switch: Loop through the handles and use switchTo().window() to put focus on each newly opened window, depending on the need.

The following is an example written in Java, WebDriver 3.5.3 and IEDriverServer 3.5.0.0:

<code class="language-java">WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 5);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.numberOfWindowsToBe(2));
Set<String> s1 = driver.getWindowHandles();
Iterator<String> i1 = s1.iterator();</code>

By following these steps, we can manage multiple tabs and windows more efficiently, ensuring predictable iteration and switching behavior.

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