Why Does My C# Unit Test Fail with 'The Located Assembly's Manifest Definition Does Not Match the Assembly Reference'?

C# Unit Test Failure: Assembly Manifest Mismatch

During C# Windows Forms unit testing, you might encounter a System.IO.FileLoadException: "The located assembly's manifest definition does not match the assembly reference." This error means the .NET runtime can't find the correct assembly version.

Resolution:

The problem stems from a discrepancy between the assembly your code references and the assembly the runtime finds. To fix this, verify the correct assembly is present in these locations:

• Global Assembly Cache (GAC): Use gacutil /i "path/to/dll" to manually install the assembly into the GAC. (Note: Generally avoid using the GAC unless absolutely necessary.)
• Application Directory: Ensure the assembly (Utility.dll in the example) resides in the same folder as your test executable. This is the preferred method.

Pinpointing the Culprit:

The exception's call stack provides crucial information. It identifies the method attempting to load the mismatched assembly.

Further Resources:

For more in-depth troubleshooting, consult these resources:

• Microsoft Documentation
• Stack Overflow Discussion

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