CSS filters and blending modes: a powerful tool to improve web visual effects
Core points
This article will explore CSS filters and blending modes that offer a variety of creative possibilities that can enhance the beauty of a web page.
CSS filters provide a way to apply visual effects on web elements. These effects can range from simple adjustments (such as changing the brightness or contrast of an image) to more complex conversions (such as blurring or adding tan tones).
Let's dive into some commonly used CSS filters and explore how they enhance the visual appeal of web content.
grayscale()
Filters convert colors to grayscale shadows, giving the image a monochromatic and classic look. You can control the intensity of the effect by specifying the percentage:
<div class="image-container"> <img src="https://img.php.cn/upload/article/000/000/000/173897569358040.jpg" alt="Exploring the Creative Power of CSS Filters and Blending " /> </div>
.image-container { width: 300px; filter: grayscale(100%); } .image-container img { width: 100%; }
By adding <div>
to the container filter: grayscale()
, we instruct the browser to apply the grayscale effect to everything within this container, including images. As a result, the image displayed in the container will be displayed in grayscale shadows instead of its original color. By setting the filter
property to grayscale(100%)
, we indicate that we want to convert the image to grayscale at full intensity.
blur()
Filters create a soft, out-of-focus effect. This is especially useful for background images or elements we want to weaken:
<div class="image-container"> <img src="https://img.php.cn/upload/article/000/000/000/173897569358040.jpg" alt="Exploring the Creative Power of CSS Filters and Blending " /> </div>
Here, we instruct the browser to apply the blur filter to everything inside this container, including the images. As a result, the image displayed in the container will have a soft out-of-focus effect, as if it is slightly blurred. By setting blur(5px)
, we indicate that we want to apply a blur effect to the image with a 5-pixel blur radius.
contrast()
Filters enhance or reduce the difference between the bright and dark areas of an element, making it more visually more eye-catching:
.image-container { width: 300px; filter: grayscale(100%); } .image-container img { width: 100%; }
Here, the contrast between the bright and dark areas of the image in the container will be increased, making it more visually more eye-catching. By setting it to contrast(150%)
, we say we want to increase the contrast of the image by 150%.
brightness()
Filters control the overall brightness of the element. Increased brightness can make the colors more vivid, while reduced brightness can create soft or darker effects:
.image-container { filter: blur(5px); }
Here, the overall brightness of the image in the container will be adjusted. By setting it to brightness(120%)
, we say we want to increase the brightness of the image by 20%.
sepia()
Filters give elements a warm tan tone, creating a nostalgic or retro feel:
.image-container { filter: contrast(150%); }
Here the image will be presented with a warm tan tone, reminiscent of old photos. Setting it to sepia(80%)
means we want to apply the tan effect to the image at 80% intensity. Adjusting the percentage value allows us to control the intensity of the tan effect applied to the image.
One of the advantages of CSS filters is their combination. We can apply multiple filters to achieve complex visual effects:
.image-container { filter: brightness(120%); }
Here, we apply multiple filters to elements within the container to achieve a composite visual effect. Multiple filters are separated by spaces in the filter
attribute values. Each filter is applied from left to right in the specified order:
grayscale(30%)
Filter converts the color of the element to a grayscale shadow with an intensity of 30%. blur(3px)
Filter adds a blur effect with a 3-pixel blurred radial element. contrast(150%)
Filters increase the contrast of elements by 150%. By combining these filters, you can achieve complex visual effects that enhance the appearance of web content. Adjusting the parameters of each filter allows you to micro-adjust the body effect to suit your design preferences.
In this example, the element will have subtle grayscale effects, slight blur and higher contrast, resulting in a unique and artistic look.
You can try more CSS filters including drop-shadow()
, hue-rotate()
, invert()
, opacity()
, saturate()
and backdrop-filter
. There is also a
You can learn more about these features on MDN. (MDN link should be inserted here)
CSS blend mode allows elements to interact visually, creating effects beyond traditional stacking of z-axis. Blend mode processes the color values of overlapping elements, producing amazing results. Let's explore some commonly used hybrid modes and learn how to implement them.
multiply
<div class="image-container"> <img src="https://img.php.cn/upload/article/000/000/000/173897569358040.jpg" alt="Exploring the Creative Power of CSS Filters and Blending " /> </div>
screen
screen
The following is how
.image-container { width: 300px; filter: grayscale(100%); } .image-container img { width: 100%; }
overlay
Blend mode in multiply
CSS combines screen
and overlay
blend modes to produce rich and contrasting visuals. Here is how
overlay
multiply
Blend mode combines the darkening effect of the screen
mode on dark colors and the brightening effect of the .image-container { filter: blur(5px); }
difference
Blend mode calculates the absolute difference between the top and bottom color values of each pixel. It creates a high contrast effect by emphasizing the color difference between overlapping elements. Here is how difference
Mixed mode works:
<div class="image-container"> <img src="https://img.php.cn/upload/article/000/000/000/173897569358040.jpg" alt="Exploring the Creative Power of CSS Filters and Blending " /> </div>
exclusion
Blend mode produces similar effects to difference
Blend mode, but tends to produce softer and less contrast results. It is often used to mix overlapping colors of overlapping elements in a way that allows both similar colors and different colors to contribute to the final appearance. Here is how exclusion
Mixed mode works:
difference
Blend mode. .image-container { width: 300px; filter: grayscale(100%); } .image-container img { width: 100%; }
There are many other hybrid modes for us to try, including darken
, lighten
, color-dodge
, color-burn
, hard-light
, soft-light
, hue
, saturation
, color
, luminosity
, plus-darker
, plus-lighter
,
,
,.
Some precautions
.image-container { filter: blur(5px); }
The support for CSS filters and blend modes is very extensive, but to absolutely ensure your end users will get satisfactory results, you may want to consider a fallback plan. For example: <🎜> <🎜> <🎜>Accessibility<🎜> <🎜>When using filters and mixes in design or development, it is important to consider accessibility to ensure that your content is available and easy to understand for a wide range of user groups, including those with disabilities. Here are some key things to note: <🎜>
By keeping these notes in mind, you can create designs that are not only visually appealing, but also accessible to a wider audience, including those with disabilities.
The following are common mistakes that developers may encounter and how to avoid them.
A common mistake is to apply too many filters, resulting in visually overwhelming or confusing layouts. Overuse can make it difficult for users to focus on important content and can lead to a bad user experience.
Example:
<div class="image-container"> <img src="https://img.php.cn/upload/article/000/000/000/173897569358040.jpg" alt="Exploring the Creative Power of CSS Filters and Blending " /> </div>
In this example, multiple filters are applied to the same element. While combining filters can create unique effects, it is crucial to strike a balance and ensure the overall design remains consistent and user-friendly. Consider visual hierarchy and prioritize clarity.
Applying filters to interactive elements such as buttons or links without considering user interaction can lead to a less intuitive and confusing user experience.
Example:
.image-container { width: 300px; filter: grayscale(100%); } .image-container img { width: 100%; }
Filters can change the appearance of interactive elements, which may affect users' understanding of their purpose. Make sure the filter does not affect the clarity and usability of interactive elements.
Applying complex filters or combinations of filters can have a performance impact, especially on older devices or browsers. Ignoring performance issues can cause page loading times to slow down.
Example:
<div class="image-container"> <img src="https://img.php.cn/upload/article/000/000/000/173897569358040.jpg" alt="Exploring the Creative Power of CSS Filters and Blending " /> </div>
Complex filters may require more computing resources, which will affect the performance of the web page. Test performance on a variety of devices and optimize as needed, taking into account the trade-off between visual effects and page speed.
CSS filters and blend modes enable web developers to push creative boundaries to create engaging and dynamic user interfaces.
By understanding and combining these features, you can enhance the visual appeal of your web content, making it more attractive and memorable to users.
When you explore the creativity of CSS filters and mixes, don't hesitate to try different combinations to discover the unique effects you can achieve.
Whether you are building a portfolio, blog or e-commerce website, combining these technologies can add an extra sense of visual sophistication to make your website stand out.
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