How to Send Emails in Laravel

This tutorial explores Laravel's email functionality, leveraging the Symfony Mailer component. We'll cover configuration, creating mailable classes, and sending emails, culminating in a practical example.

Configuration:

Laravel simplifies email management through a wrapper around Symfony Mailer. The primary configuration file is config/mail.php. This file defines mailers (e.g., SMTP, Sendmail, Mailgun, etc.) and their settings. The default mailer is specified by the MAIL_MAILER environment variable (in .env).

For SMTP, you'll need to configure MAIL_HOST, MAIL_PORT, MAIL_ENCRYPTION, MAIL_USERNAME, and MAIL_PASSWORD in your .env file. The sendmail driver requires setting the correct sendmail path in config/mail.php. The from address is also configurable. Third-party services (Mailgun, Postmark, SES) require additional setup in config/services.php.

Creating a Mailable Class:

A mailable class handles email creation and sending. Use the artisan command:

php artisan make:mail DemoEmail

This generates a DemoEmail class in app/Mail/DemoEmail.php. A typical mailable class includes:

<?php

namespace App\Mail;

use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
use Illuminate\Mail\Mailable;
use Illuminate\Queue\SerializesModels;

class DemoEmail extends Mailable
{
    use Queueable, SerializesModels;

    public $demo;

    public function __construct($demo)
    {
        $this->demo = $demo;
    }

    public function build()
    {
        return $this->from('sender@example.com')
                    ->view('mails.demo')
                    ->text('mails.demo_plain')
                    ->with(['testVarOne' => '1', 'testVarTwo' => '2'])
                    ->attach(public_path('/images/demo.jpg'), ['as' => 'demo.jpg', 'mime' => 'image/jpeg']);
    }
}

The __construct method initializes data, while build sets email specifics (sender, view, attachments, etc.). Create corresponding view files (resources/views/mails/demo.blade.php and resources/views/mails/demo_plain.blade.php).

Sending Emails:

A controller (e.g., MailController) uses the Mail facade to send emails:

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Mail\DemoEmail;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Mail;

class MailController extends Controller
{
    public function send()
    {
        $demoData = new \stdClass();
        $demoData->demo_one = 'Demo Value 1';
        $demoData->demo_two = 'Demo Value 2';
        $demoData->sender = 'Sender Name';
        $demoData->receiver = 'Receiver Name';

        Mail::to("receiver@example.com")->send(new DemoEmail($demoData));
    }
}

The Mail::to()->send() method sends the email. Add a route in routes/web.php to access the controller.

For testing without actually sending emails, set MAIL_DRIVER to log in config/mail.php to log emails to storage/logs/laravel.log.

Conclusion:

Laravel's mail system, built on Symfony Mailer, offers a streamlined approach to email management. This tutorial demonstrated the process from configuration to sending emails, providing a solid foundation for integrating email functionality into your Laravel applications. Explore Envato Market for further Laravel resources.

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