To configure Nginx for WebSocket proxying, you need to ensure that Nginx can properly handle the WebSocket protocol and its upgrade requests. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to set this up:
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
or within /etc/nginx/sites-available/
for site-specific configurations).Add WebSocket Proxy Settings:
Within the http
or server
block where you want to enable WebSocket support, add the following configuration snippet:
http { ... server { listen 80; server_name example.com; location / { proxy_pass http://your_backend_server; proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade; proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade"; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade; } } }
proxy_http_version 1.1
ensures that Nginx uses HTTP/1.1, which is required for WebSocket connections.proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade
and proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade"
are crucial for handling the WebSocket upgrade request.proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade
ensures that WebSocket connections bypass caching, which is generally appropriate.nginx -t
and then reload or restart Nginx with sudo systemctl reload nginx
or sudo systemctl restart nginx
.To ensure Nginx properly handles WebSocket connections, the following settings are necessary within the location
block in your Nginx configuration:
proxy_pass
: Specifies the backend server to which WebSocket requests will be proxied.proxy_http_version 1.1
: Sets the HTTP protocol version to 1.1, which is required for WebSocket connections.proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade
: Passes the value of the Upgrade
header from the client to the backend server.proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade"
: Sets the Connection
header to "upgrade," signaling the WebSocket upgrade request.proxy_set_header Host $host
: Passes the host header from the client to the backend server.proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade
: Ensures that WebSocket connections bypass caching, as WebSocket connections should not be cached.These settings work together to ensure that WebSocket connections are correctly handled and forwarded to your backend server.
To ensure that Nginx correctly handles WebSocket protocol upgrades, you must implement the necessary configurations as described in the previous sections. Here are additional tips to verify that the upgrades are handled properly:
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade
and proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade"
./var/log/nginx/
. A successful WebSocket upgrade will not log an error.wscat
or websocat
to manually initiate WebSocket connections and verify that they successfully connect through Nginx.By following these steps, you can ensure that Nginx is correctly handling WebSocket protocol upgrades.
If you encounter issues with WebSocket proxying in Nginx, follow these troubleshooting steps:
http
, server
, and location
blocks. Use nginx -t
to test the configuration for syntax errors./var/log/nginx/
) for any WebSocket-related errors or issues. Look for entries related to WebSocket connections and upgrade requests.wscat
or websocat
to test WebSocket connections directly from the command line. This can help isolate whether the issue is with Nginx or the backend server.proxy_read_timeout
and proxy_send_timeout
if necessary.By systematically going through these troubleshooting steps, you should be able to identify and resolve issues with WebSocket proxying in Nginx.
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