How to solve the problem of high CPU usage of PHP-FPM processes when running Laravel systems?

Troubleshooting and Optimization of High CPU Occupancy of PHP-FPM in Laravel System

In systems built using the Laravel framework, you often encounter the problem of excessive CPU usage of PHP-FPM process. For example, a Laravel project consumes 30%-60% of the CPU per PHP-FPM process, while a CodeIgniter project under the same configuration only consumes less than 5%, which prompts us to optimize the performance of the Laravel project.

The CPU usage of the PHP-FPM process is affected by a variety of factors, including server configuration, application load, and PHP-FPM's own configuration. High CPU usage usually means a bottleneck in system performance.

Optimization strategy

Adjust the number of PHP-FPM processes parameters

The two parameters pm.max_children and pm.start_servers control the size of the PHP-FPM process pool. Unreasonable settings will lead to waste of CPU resources. Adjust these two parameters according to the server configuration (such as 8 cores and 16G memory) and the actual access volume to find the best balance point. Monitoring and testing are effective ways to find the best value.

Reasonably set the process idle timeout time

The pm.process_idle_timeout parameter defines the time when the PHP-FPM subprocess is recycled in the idle state. Improper settings can cause a large number of idle processes to occupy CPU resources. According to the server load situation, adjust this parameter reasonably to improve resource utilization.

Enable Opcode Cache

Opcode caches (such as APC or OPcache) reduce the duplicate work of the PHP interpreter by caching the compilation results of PHP scripts, thereby reducing CPU usage and significantly improving performance.

Optimize PHP code

Inefficient PHP code is a common cause of high CPU occupancy. Use code analysis tools such as Xdebug or Blackfire to locate code bottlenecks, thereby performing targeted optimizations and reducing CPU usage.

Choose an efficient web server

Inefficient web servers can also affect overall performance. Consider using high-performance web servers such as Nginx or Apache to improve system response and reduce CPU load.

Upgrade server hardware

If the above optimization measures are not effective, you may want to consider upgrading the server hardware, such as increasing the number of CPU cores and memory, to meet higher load requirements.

Through the above methods, the CPU usage rate of the PHP-FPM process can be effectively reduced and the overall performance of the Laravel system can be improved.

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