C language data structure: Best practices for data structures in object-oriented programming

Best practices for data structures in object-oriented programming

In object-oriented programming (OOP), data structures are a key component used to organize and store data. Following best practices is essential to designing efficient and maintainable applications.

Choose the right structure

OOP provides various data structures such as arrays, linked lists, trees and graphs. For a specific task, choosing the right structure is crucial. For example:

• Array: Suitable for storing a collection of consecutive elements.
• Linked list: used to store discontinuous elements and can be dynamically expanded.
• Tree: Used to create hierarchical data structures, such as file systems.

Encapsulation and hiding

Data structures should encapsulate member data and operations to achieve data hiding. This ensures security implemented internally and reduces the risk of external data changes.

Use the appropriate data type

Select the correct data type that suits the stored data. For example, use int to store integers and double to store floating point numbers. This helps ensure data integrity and efficient storage.

Optimized access

Optimize access to data structure members by using appropriate access methods such as getters and setters. This provides a consistent and controlled access interface.

Practical cases

Links in the order management system

Consider an order management system that needs to store order information. It is most appropriate to use linked lists to store orders, because orders are not necessarily continuous and the system needs to dynamically add and delete orders.

 struct Order {
    int orderID;
    char customerName[50];
    float orderTotal;
    struct Order* next; // Point to the next order};

struct Order* root = NULL; // The header node of the linked list// Add new order void addOrder(struct Order* newOrder) {
    if (root == NULL) {
        root = newOrder;
    } else {
        struct Order* current = root;
        while (current->next != NULL) {
            current = current->next;
        }
        current->next = newOrder;
    }
}

// Search Order by Order ID struct Order* searchOrder(int orderID) {
    struct Order* current = root;
    while (current != NULL) {
        if (current->orderID == orderID) {
            return current;
        }
        current = current->next;
    }
    return NULL;
}

In this example, linked lists provide efficient order storage and retrieval, in line with OOP data structure best practices.

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