What types of files are composed of oracle's database?

Oracle database is mainly composed of the following types of files: data file (.dbf): storage data; control file (.ctl): record database structure information; redo log files (redo log files): record data modification operations; parameter file (init.ora/spfile.ora): contains database settings; archive log files: backup of redo log files; password file: protect the database from illegal access.

Oracle Database Files: A Veteran's Talk

What types of files do you ask the Oracle database consist of? This question is wonderful. It seems simple, but it actually has a secret. On the surface, it is just data files, control files, and redo log files, but it is not that easy to really understand the relationship between them and their role in database operation. This article will let me, a veteran who has been working in Oracle database for many years, take you into a deeper understanding.

Let’s talk about the most basic ones:

• Data file (.dbf): This is like a database repository, where all your data is lying obediently. A database can have multiple data files, depending on your database size and design. Think about it, a huge warehouse can't have only one door, right? Multiple data files can improve concurrent access efficiency and facilitate database management and backup. Remember, the data file is corrupted and the data is gone, so backup and then back up!
• Control file (.ctl): This is the database's "id card" and "household account book", which records the physical structure information of the database, such as the location of the data file, the path of the redo log file, etc. It's like a map telling Oracle database where data is and where logs are. There is only one control file, and if it is lost, it will be a big problem and the database may not be started.
• Redo log files: This is the "safe" of the database, which records all modification operations to the database. In case the database crashes, you can restore the data based on the redo log file. It is usually composed of multiple groups and is used in turn to ensure the continuous availability of the database. This part of the configuration and management is a technical job. If you are not careful, data recovery may fail. I almost lost the customer's data for several years because of improper configuration of redo log files. Now I feel scared when I think about it.

Then, let's go a little deeper:

In addition to the above three most basic file types, Oracle database has many other files, such as:

• Parameter file (init.ora/spfile.ora): This is the "configuration file" of the database, which contains settings of various database parameters, such as memory size, number of processes, etc. The adjustment of this part of the parameters is directly related to the performance of the database. I spent several days optimizing a customer's database parameters and finally increasing the query speed by 50%. That feeling is really cool!
• Archive log files: This is a backup of redo log files for long-term data protection. Together with the redo log file, it forms the complete data protection system of the database. Don’t underestimate these archive logs, they are the key to data recovery!
• Password file: This thing is safe first! Protect your database from illegal access.

Finally, some experiences:

Choosing the right database file storage location is crucial to database performance. Try to avoid storing database files in network shared directories, because network latency can affect the performance of the database. In addition, regularly backing up database files is an important measure to ensure data security. Also, don’t forget to monitor the size of the database file and clean up the no longer needed data in a timely manner to prevent excessive database files from affecting performance.

There are many details worth discussing about Oracle database files, such as the switching mechanism of online redo log files and archive log files, as well as the impact of different storage methods on database performance, etc. But let's leave these for later and share them slowly. Remember, practice to gain true knowledge and do more hands-on operations to truly understand the mystery of Oracle database files.

 <code class="sql">-- 这段代码只是个简单的例子，展示如何查询数据文件的信息SELECT file_name, status FROM dba_data_files;</code>

This is just a simple example, true Oracle database management is much more complicated than this. I hope this article can give you some inspiration and wish you a smooth and smooth database management journey!

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