How to optimize disk space utilization in Debian

This article introduces a variety of ways to optimize the disk space of Debian systems to help you free up valuable storage space.

1. Analysis of disk space usage

First, use the following command to understand disk space usage:

• lsblk : View block device information.
• df -h : View disk partition usage (displayed in human-readable format).

2. Clean useless files and directories

• Temporary file cleaning: Delete temporary files in /tmp directory (operate with caution and make sure there are no important files).
• Log file cleaning: Delete expired log files in /var/log directory. Use du -sh /path/to/directory command to view the disk usage of the specified directory for more targeted cleaning.

3. APT cache cleaning

• View downloaded packages: Use dpkg --list > /path/to/yourfile.txt to list all installed packages.
• Clean the cache directory directly: Check and clean the cache files in /var/cache/apt/archives/ and /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/ directories.

4. Uninstall unnecessary software packages

• Automatic uninstall: Use apt-get autoremove to uninstall packages and their dependencies that are no longer needed.
• Complete uninstall: Use apt-get purge to completely uninstall the package and its configuration files (use with caution, this will delete the configuration files).

5. Log file management

Use the logrotate tool to manage log file size and retention time to prevent excessive disk space from being consumed by log files.

6. Find and delete large files

Use the find command to find and delete large files. For example, find files larger than 100MB: sudo find . -type f -size 100M (please replace . with the target directory).

7. Advanced optimization: partition adjustment and capacity expansion

• Partition adjustment: If the partition space is insufficient, you can use gparted and other tools to adjust the partition size.
• Add storage: Consider adding a new hard disk or partition and migrating some data (such as the /home directory) to the new storage space.

8. File compression

For large files, you can use compression tools such as gzip , bzip2 , or LZMA to reduce the file size.

9. Uninstalling infrequently used software and services

Check and uninstall infrequently used software and services in the system to free up system resources.

Important: Before performing any deletion, be sure to back up important data to prevent data loss.

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