Nginx virtual host configuration skills, efficiently manage multiple websites

Nginx virtual host configuration: Play with your server garden

Have you ever thought about how one server elegantly serves multiple websites at the same time? The answer is Nginx virtual host configuration. This article will take you into Nginx virtual host configuration tips, allowing you to efficiently manage your "server garden" and avoid some common pitfalls. After reading, you will be able to easily configure the virtual host, understand the mechanism behind it, and write efficient and stable Nginx configuration files.

Basic preparation: Don't forget your toolbox

Before you start, you need to make sure you have Nginx installed and have some understanding of the basic Linux commands and configuration file structure. We won't explain how to install Nginx here, assuming you've completed this step. Remember, a good toolbox can achieve twice the result with half the effort.

The core of virtual host: Let Nginx identify visitors

The core of Nginx virtual host is to direct requests to different server blocks based on different information requested by the client. It's like a smart post office delivering letters to the correct mailbox based on the address on the envelope. Nginx mainly recognizes client requests in the following ways:

• Domain name: This is the most commonly used method. Each website corresponds to a domain name. Nginx selects the corresponding server block based on the requested domain name.
• IP address: Different virtual hosts can be distinguished according to the client's IP address, but this is rarely used in practical applications because of the poor flexibility.
• Port number: Different websites can use different port numbers, and Nginx will select the corresponding server block according to the port number.

Code Example: A Simple Virtual Host Configuration

Let's look at a simple example, suppose we want to configure two websites: example.com and blog.example.com . The configuration file ( /etc/nginx/sites-available/example ) can be written like this:

<code class="nginx">server { listen 80; server_name example.com; root /var/www/example; index index.html; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }}server { listen 80; server_name blog.example.com; root /var/www/blog; index index.html; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }}</code>

This configuration defines two server blocks, corresponding to example.com and blog.example.com respectively. root directive specifies the root directory of the website, and index directive specifies the default homepage file. try_files directive attempts to find the requested file, and returns a 404 error if it cannot be found.

Advanced skills: Playing with location and rewrite

The above examples are just the most basic configuration. In actual applications, you may need more complex configurations, such as using the location directive to match different URIs, and using the rewrite directive to redirect requests.

For example, you can use location to configure the processing methods of static files and dynamic scripts:

<code class="nginx">location ~ .php$ { fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params;}</code>

This part of the configuration tells Nginx how to process PHP files and forward the request to PHP-FPM.

Performance Tuning: Don't let your garden grow overgrown

Nginx's performance optimization is a big topic, and here are only some suggestions:

• Use keepalive: Keep long connections and reduce the overhead of connection establishment.
• Enable gzip compression: reduces the amount of data transmitted and improves page loading speed.
• Configure the number of worker processes rationally: adjust the number of worker processes based on the number of CPU cores of the server to avoid excessive process competition for resources.

Common errors and debugging methods: Trim your garden

When configuring an Nginx virtual host, common errors include:

• Configuration file syntax error: Use the nginx -t command to check the configuration file syntax.
• Port conflict: Make sure that the selected port is not occupied by other programs.
• Permissions: Ensure that Nginx users have read and write permissions to the website root directory.

Summary: Enjoy your server garden

Mastering Nginx virtual host configuration skills will allow you to manage multiple websites more efficiently and improve server performance. Remember, practice to gain true knowledge, make more hands-on configuration, and try different configuration solutions to truly become an expert in Nginx virtual host configuration. I wish you plant flowers in your server garden!

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