How to modify the content of commit

Modifying the content of Git submission is equivalent to rewriting history, and be cautious. For the most recent commit, use git commit --amend to correct it. If you need to modify the earlier commit, use git rebase -i. Note that modifying history may lead to collaboration problems. You should use git rebase with caution, and it is best to make backups. Keep the scope of modifications small when submitting, write clear information, and use git log to view history reasonably.

Git: Rewrite history and be careful to sail a thousand-year-old ship

You submitted the code, and then found that the comment was written incorrectly, or you missed an important file, or you simply submitted the wrong code? Don't panic, Git provides powerful tools to modify submitted content, but remember, this is not a joke, and the consequences of randomly changing history may make you bald.

This article will give you an in-depth understanding of Git's commit modification mechanism. I will share some tips and chat about the pitfalls I have struck over the years. After reading it, you will have a deeper understanding of Git's commit modification and be able to handle similar situations more confidently.

First of all, we need to be clear: the design concept of Git is to "record everything", so the process of modifying commit is actually to "rewrite history". This is completely different from simply editing text files, once history is rewritten, it can cause trouble for teamwork and even cause project crashes. Therefore, be cautious!

Basics: Understand Git's commit history

Git's commit history is like a chain, and each commit is a link in the chain, which is connected by a SHA-1 hash value. Modifying commit is equivalent to modifying this chain. You need to recalculate the hash value and update the subsequent commit.

Core: git commit --amend your regret medicine

This is a powerful tool to modify the latest commit. If you find something wrong with the commit you just submitted, such as forgetting to add a file or modifying the comment, git commit --amend is your savior.

 <code class="bash">git add . # 添加修改的文件git commit --amend -m "更正的提交信息"</code>

This command merges the current modification into the previous commit and updates the commit information. Simple and crude, but easy to use! Remember, it can only modify the last commit. If you want to modify the previous commit, you have to use more advanced moves.

Advanced: git rebase -i the reshaper of history

git rebase -i is an interactive rebase command that allows you to have more granular control over commit history. -i stands for interactive mode.

 <code class="bash">git rebase -i HEAD~3 # 修改最近三次提交</code>

This command will open a text editor to display the information of the last three submissions, where you can modify the submission information, merge submissions, or even delete submissions. This is powerful, but also dangerous. Be sure to read the instructions for each option carefully to figure out the consequences of each operation. Remember that after rewriting history, your local repository and remote repository may have conflicts and need to be handled with caution.

For example, suppose you submitted three times and want to merge the last two times into one:

 <code>pick a1b2c3d 第一次提交pick e4f5g6h 第二次提交pick i7j8k9l 第三次提交</code>

You can modify it to:

 <code>pick a1b2c3d 第一次提交squash e4f5g6h 合并第二次提交到第一次squash i7j8k9l 合并第三次提交到第一次</code>

Then save and exit, and Git will rebuild the commit history according to your instructions. Remember, squash will merge commits, and edit allows you to modify a single commit.

Common Errors and Debugging

• Modified the history of the remote repository: This can cause problems with teamwork and even cause project crashes. In multi-person collaboration projects, try to avoid directly modifying the history of the remote warehouse.
• Forgot git push --force-with-lease : After modifying the history of the local repository, you need to use git push --force-with-lease to update the remote repository. --force-with-lease is safer than --force because it checks whether the remote repository is synchronized with the local repository to avoid unnecessary conflicts.

Performance optimization and best practices

• Small step submission: Try to keep the scope of modifications of each submission smaller, so that it is easier to roll back and understand the commit history.
• Write clear submission information: Clear submission information can help you better understand the evolution of the code and facilitate teamwork.
• Careful when using git rebase : git rebase is a powerful tool, but it is also quite dangerous. You must use it with caution, especially for projects that are collaborative with multiple people. Before using git rebase , it is best to back up your repository first.

Remember, the power of Git is its controllability, but because of this, you need to be cautious enough. Only by understanding these can you be at ease in the world of Git. Don't forget that git log is your good friend. It is often used to view submission history, which can make you have a clear idea of ​​your operations.

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