Home php教程 php手册 怎样将MySQL数据库结构和数据导出或导入

怎样将MySQL数据库结构和数据导出或导入

Jun 13, 2016 am 10:22 AM
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  在使用MySQL时,有时需要从数据库中导出数据,以便用在本地或其它的数据库系统之上,或者将现有数据导入MySQL数据库中。下面我们就来分析一下如何做MySQL数据库的结构和数据的导出和导入。
导出要用到MySQL的mysqldump工具,基本用法是:
shell> mysqldump [OPTIONS] database [tables]
如果不给定任何表,整个数据库将被导出。
如果想看到mysqldump的版本支持的各个选项及含义,可以执行这条命令:
shell> mysqldump --help
下面来谈谈mysqldump支持的主要选项及含义:
--add-locks :在每个表导出之前增加LOCK TABLES并且之后UNLOCK TABLE。
--add-drop-table :在每个create语句之前增加一个drop table。
--allow-keywords :允许创建是关键词的列名字。这由表名前缀于每个列名做到。
-c, --complete-insert :使用完整的insert语句(用列名字)。
-C, --compress :如果客户和服务器均支持压缩,压缩两者间所有的信息。
--delayed :用INSERT DELAYED命令插入行。
-e, --extended-insert :使用全新多行INSERT语法。(给出更紧缩并且更快的插入语句)
-#, --debug[=option_string] :跟踪程序的使用(为了调试)。
--fields-terminated-by=...
--fields-enclosed-by=...
--fields-optionally-enclosed-by=...
--fields-escaped-by=...
--fields-terminated-by=...
这些选择与-T选择一起使用,并且有相应的LOAD DATA INFILE子句相同的含义LOAD DATA INFILE语法:


-F, --flush-logs :在开始导出前,洗掉在MySQL服务器中的日志文件。
-f, --force :即使我们在一个表导出期间得到一个SQL错误,继续。
-h, --host=.. :从命名的主机上的MySQL服务器导出数据。缺省主机是localhost。
-l, --lock-tables :为开始导出锁定所有表。
-t, --no-create-info :不写入表创建信息(CREATE TABLE语句)
-d, --no-data :不写入表的任何行信息。用这个参数我们可以得到只有一个表的结构的导出。
--opt :同--quick --add-drop-table --add-locks --extended-insert --lock-tables。
-pyour_pass, --password[=PASSWORD] :与服务器连接时使用的口令。如果你不指定"="PASSWORD"部分,mysqldump需要来自终端的口令。
-P port_num, --port=port_num :与一台主机连接时使用的TCP/IP端口号。(这用于连接到localhost以外的主机,因为它使用 Unix套接字。)
-q, --quick :不缓冲查询,直接导出至stdout;使用mysql_use_result()做它。
-S /path/to/socket, --socket=/path/to/socket :与localhost连接时(缺省主机)使用的套接字文件。
-T, --tab=path-to-some-directory :对于每个给定的表,创建一个table_name.sql文件,它包含SQL CREATE 命令,和一个table_name.txt文件,它包含数据。 注意:这只有在mysqldump运行在mysqld守护进程运行的同一台机器上的时候才工作。.txt文件的格式根据--fields-xxx和--lines--xxx选项来定。
-u user_name, --user=user_name :与服务器连接时,MySQL使用的用户名。缺省值是你的Unix登录名。
-O var=option, --set-variable var=option设置一个变量的值。可能的变量被列在下面。
-v, --verbose :冗长模式。打印出程序所做的更多的信息。
-w, --where=where-condition :只导出被选择了的记录;注意引号是强制的。
"--where=user=jimf" "-wuserid>1" "-wuserid<1"
我们可以用mysqldump作整个数据库的一个备份:
mysqldump --opt database > backup-file.sql
或者我们将一个数据库的信息填充到另外一个MySQL数据库:
mysqldump --opt database | mysql --host=remote-host -C database  由于mysqldump导出的是完整的SQL语句,所以用mysql客户程序很容易就能把数据导入了:
shell> mysqladmin create target_db_name
shell> mysql target_db_name < backup-file.sql
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