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php中文汉字替换与模式匹配的问题请大家必看

Jun 13, 2016 am 10:25 AM
http php and Chinese author match address replace model Chinese character of question

作者: bluedoor
原帖地址:http://www.anbbs.com/anbbs/index.php?f_id=3&page=1
  这两天正在做一个关键字加亮显示的程序,写好的程序在本地测试也跑得好好的,可是一上去页面就出现一堆一堆的乱码,别说加亮了,简直就是没的看!
  我就找错误,找来找去,发现英文没有问题,遇到汉字容易出问题,有的时候遇到汉字必出问题。
  总结一下:
  当使用模式匹配的时候,如:preg_match_all($pat,……)与preg_replace($pat,……)……
  容易出问题的情况如下:
  preg_match_all("/(汉字)+/ism","我是汉字,看你把我怎么着!",$m_a);
  这个模式很简单就是匹配出“汉字”。这种情况模式中包含汉字可以成功匹配出来,但是也不要高兴得太早,结果不确定,为什么不确定你慢慢往下看。
  必出现问题情况如下:
  preg_match_all("/[汉字]+/ism","我是汉字,看你把我怎么着!",$m_a);
  本想匹配出现“汉”、“字”或者“汉字”。这个必出现问题,匹配的结果一大群乱码,没准还会出个死循环呢。为什么会出现这种情况?是因为PHP内部使用不是UNICODE,不支持多字节文字,所以一个"汉字"就被当成4bytes的ASCII去进行模式匹配,不出错才怪呢!
  后来我又试试重新写一下模式匹配,发现一种似乎(为什么说似乎?往后看)方法可以解决:
  preg_match_all("/(汉|字)+/ism","我是汉字,看你把我怎么着!",$m_a);
  这样写可以匹配出“汉”、“字”或者“汉字”,$m_a中的结果
Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[0] => 汉字


)
[1] => Array
(
[0] => 字
)
)
  怎么样全匹配的字符串出现了吧!可是高兴得太早了,后来在实际中用还是会经常出问题!再去找问题,终于找到问题的根了!PHP不支持多字节文字,所以在进行模式匹配与字符操作的时候都是内码转化后进行的(我不知道这样说对不对),举个实例吧:
  eregi_replace("性","没有" , "有责任感");这个操作就是要把字符串"有责任感"中"性"字替换成"没有",最后的结果是什么?因为"有责任感"中没有"性"就个字,结果应该是没有执行替换操作返回"有责任感",可是结果竟然是"用挥叙任感"!
  没想到吧!为什么?看一下ASCII码你就明白了,2个ASCII码代码一个汉字"有责任感"的ASCII编码依次为:211,208(有),212,240(责),200,206(任),184,208(感) 
  而"性"的编码为:208,212(性),恰好与有的第2字节和责的第1字节组合是一致的!所以PHP就认识找到相同的模式进行匹配,拆成一半的汉字再与替换后的字串进行组合,所以就出错了!
  当时我想最常用的str_replace(),应该不会有问题的,但是事实上str_replace()执行同样的操作也会出错!现在我想以前进行汉字替换实在是太幸运了!可能是那个时候进行的汉字替换都是比较长的汉字串吧,不太容易出现以上的情况。即使没有出问题,也要知道那是不安全的!
  问题是有的,工作还要继续做,克服的困难也就::::现在的自我了。
  好在想起一组PHP的扩展模块,Multibyte String Functions,添加许多支持多字节文字的操作的函数,如:ereg_replace() 对应着mb_ereg_replace() 等等。具体的函数说明请查询相关的文章。
  总结:对于中文汉字安全的操作最好是使用Multibyte String Functions。
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