在PHP下实现持久化
在PHP下实现持久化
“持久化”这个概念是笔者在Java中首次接触到的,通过这个特性,可以将应用程序对象转化成一系列字节流(这被称作对象序列化),以适应网络传输或保存。最奇妙的是,被序列化的对象还可以被重新装配,还原成以前的样子。这意味着,该机制能自动补偿操作系统间的差异。换句话说,一个在Windows系统的机器上被序列化的对象可以通过网络传输到一台Linux系统的机器上准确无误的重新装配。“持久化”可以使应用程序对象不受应用程序运行时间的限制——可以将一个对象序列化,然后保存到磁盘上,在再次需要时进行装配,能圆满实现一种“持久”效果。
令人兴奋的是,PHP也支持这一特性,而且从PHP3就开始支持了,它是通过Serialize()和Unserialize()这两个函数来实现的。其实,像ASP这样的开发环境也隐式支持这一特性——在Session或Application对象中保存应用程序对象就是一种持久化的表现,但遗憾的是,ASP并没有显式提供这一接口。
在PHP中,几乎任何类型(这包括Integer、Boolean、Float、Array和Object)的变量都可以被序列化。之所以说“几乎”,是因为唯独Resource类型不支持序列化,这完全是因为PHP中的Resource类型其实是指针的缘故。至于String类型,由于它本身就是字节流,所以根本没有序列化的必要。
下面将介绍Serialize()和Unserialize()两个函数的用法:
string serialize (mixed value):返回value被序列化后的字节流;
mixed unserialize (string str):返回将str进行装配后的对象。
下面是这两个函数的应用实例:
//class.inc.php文件,用于保存类的信息
//用于测试的用户信息类
class Userinfo
{
var $username;
var $password;
var $datetime;
function Userinfo($username, $password, $datatime)
{
$this -> username = $username;
$this -> password = $password;
$this -> datetime = $datetime;
}
function output()
{
echo "User Information ->
";
echo "Username: ".$this -> username."
";
echo "Password: ".$this -> username."
";
echo "Datetime: ".$this -> username."
";
}
}
?>
//login.php文件,用于注册新用户
//导入类文件
require_once("class.inc.php");
//新建对象
$user = new Userinfo($_POST[username], $_POST[password], date("Y-n-j H:i:s"));
//序列化对象
$user = Serialize($user);
//将对象写入本地数据库
$con = mysql_connect();
mysql_select_db("test");
mysql_query($con, "INSERT INTO testTable (id, userinfo) VALUES (1, $user)");
mysql_close($con);
?>
//userinfo.php文件,用于显示用户信息
require_once("class.inc.php");
//从数据库中取出对象
$con = mysql_connect();
mysql_select_db("test");
$result = mysql_query($con, "SELECT * FROM testTable WHERE id=1");
$record = mysql_fetch_assoc($result);
$user = Unserialize($record[userinfo]);
//输出用户信息
$user -> output();
mysql_free($result);
mysql_close($con);
?>
在对象序列化中,最重要的是在“装配”的页面中一定要包含该对象的类的定义信息,否则会出现错误。当然,上里只是用于测试,在实际的应用中,为了防止序列化后的对象的内容被更改,一般还要对字节流进行“数字签名”,在装配时,再对“签名”进行验证,以防止对象信息被非法篡改。

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