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PHP编程风格

Jun 13, 2016 am 10:27 AM
php tim exist case source programming style


原作者:Tim Perdue
来源:www.phpbuilder.net
在很多情况下PHP最可贵的特点也可能是它最薄弱的环节就是它的语法松散性。 PHP能够如此广泛的被使用,因为它使得许多没有经验的Web开发者能够制作出强大的应用程序,而用不着过多的考虑规划、连贯性和文档。
不幸的是,正是以上的特点,是的很多的PHP源代码很臃肿,很难阅读甚至无法维护。我深深的体会到这一点,因为我已经写了很多这样的代码。;-)
为了避免上面的情况以及很多其他的情况发生。很多的核心PHP开发人员和团体成员走到了一起,开始了PEAR,一个着力于增加PHP扩展和插件仓库的项目。到现在未知,来源于PEAR项目的文档和其他的东西还很少并且难以理解,这篇文章试图向开发者们讲述他们(PEAR小组)所做的事情。
决定代码可维护性的重要因素是代码的格式和注释。一个工程的所有代码应该以贯穿始终的形式组织。我非常坚持代码库的建设,我想程序员们也应如此。
(1)缩进
开发者所有的代码应该完全按照缩进的方式书写。这是提高代码可读性最基本的措施。即使你没有注释你的代码,缩进对于让其他人读懂
你的代码也是非常大的帮助。
例如下面的例子:
while ($x if ($a == 1) {
echo A was equal to 1;
} else {
if ($b == 2) {
//do something
} else {
//do something else
}
}
}
PEAR草案标准要求利用4个空格缩进而不是利用tab。我个人并不同意这个观点,我想我仍然会继续利用tab键。我认为使用tab比多个空格能够让文件变得更小。而更小的文件能够更快的被解释、上载、下载等等。而使用tab还有一个很大的有点,就是当观看其他人的代码时,你能够自己设置tab键的空格数。我通常使用8个空格长度的tab键设置,但是最近换成了4个空格长度的,呵呵,我把他称为代码的成重新格式化,仅仅是个人的爱好啦。


(2)控制结构
这个很大程度上取决于个人口味。我仍然可以看到很多的控制结构代码不带分支语句造成可读性非常差,如果你使用IF语句时不带分支,不但可读性变差,当其他人修改你的程序时,还会造成很多的bug。请看下例:
不好的例子:
if ($a == 1) echo A was equal to 1;
这是非常难以辨认的。它能够正常工作,但是除了你之外,别人根本不会赞赏这句代码。
有改进的例子:
if ($a == 1)
echo A was equal to 1;
现在至少这句代码可以读懂了,但是仍然没有很好的可维护性。如果当$a==1的时候我希望一个附加的事件发生,或者需要添加分支呢?如果后来的程序员忘记了添加大括弧或者else关键字,那么程序中将出现bug。
完美的例子
if (($a == 1) && ($b==2)) {
echo A was equal to 1;
//很容易的可以添加其他代码
} elseif (($a == 1) && ($b==3)) {
//其他操作
}
请注意在if和elseif后面的空格,这会将本语句和函数调用区分开来,此外,虽然在elseif的执行程序段中没有语句,只有注释,表面上显得多余可是却给以后维护程序的程序员给予了非常方便的提示,并且非常利于添加功能。
来源:奥索网
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