用Socket发送电子邮件二
SMTP的基础
基于TCP/IP的因特网协议一般的命令格式都是通过请求/ 应答方式实现的，采用的都是文本信息，所以处理起来要容易一些。SMTP是简单邮件传输协议的简称，它可以实现客户端向服务器发送邮件的功能。所以下面所讲的命令是指客户端向服务器发出请求指令，而响应则是指服务器返回给客户端的信息。
SMTP分为命令头和信息体两部分。命令头主要完成客户端与服务器的连接，验证等。整个过程由多条命令组成。每个命令发到服务器后，由服务器给出响应信息，一般为3 位数字的响应码和响应文本。不同的服务器返回的响应码是遵守协议的，但是响应正文本则不必。每个命令及响应的最后都有一个回车符，这样使用fputs()和fgets()就可以进行命令与响应的处理了。SMTP的命令及响应信息都是单行的。信息体则是邮件的正文部分，最后的结束行应以单独的"."作为结束行。
客户端一些常用的SMTP指令为：
HELO hostname: 与服务器打招呼并告知客户端使用的机器名字，可以随便填写
MAIL FROM: sender_id : 告诉服务器发信人的地址
RCPT TO: receiver_id : 告诉服务器收信人的地址
DATA : 下面开始传输信件内容，且最后要以只含有.的特殊行结束
RESET: 取消刚才的指令，从新开始
VERIFY userid: 校验帐号是否存在(此指令为可选指令，服务器可能不支持)
QUIT : 退出连接，结束
服务器返回的响应信息为(格式为：响应码+空格+解释)：
220 服务就绪(在socket连接成功时，会返回此信息)
221 正在处理
250 请求邮件动作正确，完成(HELO,MAIL FROM,RCPT TO,QUIT指令执行成功会返回此信息)
354 开始发送数据，结束以 .(DATA指令执行成功会返回此信息，客户端应发送信息)
500 语法错误，命令不能识别
550 命令不能执行，邮箱无效
552 中断处理：用户超出文件空间
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