用PHP+MySQL搭建聊天室功能实例代码
MySQL并发能力强、响应速度快，是性能优异的数据库软件；PHP是功能强大的服务器端脚本语言。笔者在山西铝厂网站开发中，采用PHP4.0+MySQL3.23.38建立了多种应用。
下面，以一个简单的聊天室设计为例，介绍PHP+MySQL在网页开发中的应用
1、总体设计
1.1 构思与规划：
聊天室的基本原理，就是把每个连上同一网页的用户传送的发言数据储存起来，然后将所有的发言数据传给每一用户。也就是说，用数据库汇集每个人的发言，并将数据库中的数据传给每一个人就实现了聊天室的功能。
1.2 表设计
先使用MySQL建立表chat用来储存用户的发言：
代码如下:
mysql> CREATE TABLE chat -> (chtime DATATIME, -> nick CHAR(10) NOT NULL, ->words CHAR(150));
表中只设定了三个域，chtime是发言的时间，nick为发言者的昵称，words是发言的内容，发言最多150个字符
1.3 网页设计
一个最简单的聊天室通常需要两个页框：一个页框是用户输入发言的表单，另一个用来显示大家的发言。所以代码段通常至少需要如下几段：
建立页框的结构（main.php）
显示大家发言的程序段（cdisplay.php）
传送用户发言的程序段（speak.php）
用户登录进入聊天室程序段（login.php）
2、代码设计
以上规划完成后，就可以着手代码设计了，采用php可以非常简明实现以上的功能。
2.1 用户登录login.php,本段代码是一个完全HTML网页
代码如下:
<html> <head> <title>用户登录</title> </head> <body>请输入您的昵称<br> <form action=”main.php” method=”post” target=”_self”> <input type=”text” name=”nick” cols=”20”> <input type=”submit” value=”登录”> </body> </html>
用户提交自己的昵称后，就进入到聊天室，以下的处理交由main.php处理。
2.2 页框主体代码段main.php:
代码如下:
<? setcookie(“nick”,$nick) //用cookie记录用户昵称,是常用的传递变量方法 ?> <html> <title>山西铝厂聊天室试用版ver1.0</title> <frameset rows=”80%,*”> <frame src=” cdisplay.php” name=”chatdisplay”> <frame src=”speak.php” name=”speak”> </frameset> </html>
2.3 显示发言cdisplay.php
本代码段的任务是将表chat中的数据取出，显示在页框中。每次刷新时，取数据库中最近的15条发言。同时，为防止数据库无限增大，需设计删除陈旧数据的功能。代码如下
代码如下:
<html>
<head>
<title>显示用户发言</title>
<meta http-equiv=”refresh” content=”5;url=cdisplay.php”>
</head>
<body>
<?
$link_ID=mysql_connect(“main”,”root”);
//链接Mysql服务器 服务器名为main,管理员名为root
mysql_select_db(“abc”); //选择数据库
$str=”select * from chat ORDER BY chtime;” ; //查询字符串
$result=mysql_query($str, $link_ID); //送出查询
$rows=mysql_num_rows($result); //取得查询结果的记录笔数
//取得最后15笔发言，并显示
@mysql_data_seek($resut,$rows-15); //移动记录指针到前15笔记录
if ($rows<15) $l=$rows; else $l=15; //记录总数小于15，则最多为该记录数
for ($i=1;$i<=$l;$i++) {
list($chtime,$nick,$words)=mysql_fetch_row($result);
echo $chtime; echo “ “;echo $nick; echo”:” ; echo $words; echo “<BR>”;
}
//清除库中过时的数据
@mysql_data_seek($result,$rows-20); //移动记录指针到前20笔记录
list($limtime)=mysql_fetch_row($result);
$str=”DELETE FROM chat WHERE chtime<'$limtime' ;” ;
$result=mysql_query($str,$link_ID); //送出查询字符串,库中只留前20个记录
mysql_close($link_ID);
?>
</body>
</html>2.4 送出发言到数据库speak.php
代码如下:
<html>
<head>
<title>发言</title>
</head>
<body>
<?
If ($words)
{ $link_ID=mysql_connect(“main”,”root”);
mysql_select_db(“abc”); //数据库名为abc
$time=date(y).date(m).date(d).date(h).date(i).(date(s); //取得当前时间
$str=”INSERT INTO chat(chtime,nick,words) values
(‘$time','$nick','$words');” ;
mysql_query($str,$link_ID); //送出发言到数据库
mysql_close($link_ID);
}
?>
//输入发言的表单
<form action=”speak.php” method=”post” target=” _self”>
<input type=”text” name=”words” cols=”20”>
<input type=”submit” value=”发言”>
</form>
</body>
</html>完成以上工作后，一个简单的聊天室制作就完成了。当然，设计者可以根据个人爱好做一些个性化设计，如增加一个页框，显示当前聊天室人员名单、增加发言表情、取得发言者IP、进一步美化页面等等。
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