APACHE2
第二章 启动阿帕奇 2.1 启动阿帕奇 httpd 这支程序可以藉由网际网路服务程序 inetd 在每一次有连线要 进入 HTTP 服务的时候启动,或者另一种方式,它也可以作为服务程序 (daemon)持续地执行,处理请求。无论选择哪一种方式,都必须设定这 个 ServerType 指令告诉服务器它要如何执行。 2.2 命令列选项 下列选项可以用在 httpd 的命令列上: -d serverroot 把 ServerRoot 这个参数的起始值设定为 serverroot 。这可以 藉由在配置文件里面的 ServerRoot 命令来加以改变。此预设为 /usr/local/etc/httpd 。 -f config 启动时执行在 config 文件里面的指令。如果 config 没有以 / 作为开始的话,那麽它会被当作相对於 ServerRoot 的路径。此 预设值是 conf/httpd.conf 。 -X 以单一程序(single-process)模式执行,只用在内部除错;服务 程序不会脱离终端作业或是产生任何子程序。不要使用这个模式 来提供正常的网页服务。 -v 列印 httpd 的版本,然後结束。 -? 列印 httpd 选项的一份列表,然後结束。 2.3 配置档 此服务器将会读取三个配置指令文件。任何指令都可以出现在这些文件 任何一个里面。这些文件的名称是相对於服务器的根目录(server root) ; 这是根是藉由 ServerRoot 指令,或是 -d 这个命令列旗标所指定的。 依惯例这些文件是: conf/httpd.conf 包含控制服务程序运作的指令。文件名称可以配合 -f 命令列旗 旗标加以改变。 conf/srm.conf 包含控制服务器提供给客户端之文件规格的指令。文件名称可以 配合 ResourceConfig 指令加以改变。 conf/access.conf 包含控制文件之存取的指令。文件名称可以配合 AccessConfig 指令加以改变。 无论如何,这些惯例并不需要完全遵奉。 此服务器也会读取一个包含 MIME 文件型态的文件;这个文件名称藉由 TypesConfig 指令设定,而且有个 conf/mini.types 作为预设。 2.4 记录档 2.4.1 pid 档 服务程序启动时,它把父程序 httpd 的程序码(process id)存往这个 log/httpd.pid 文件。这个文件名称可以配合 PidFile 指令加以改变 。这个程序码由管理者用来重新启动或终止服务程序;一个 HUP 信号 会使服务程序重新读取其配置档而一个 TERM 信号会使它终止。 如果程序不正常地死掉(或被杀掉),那麽必须杀掉 httpd 子程序。 2.4.2 错误记录 服务器会将错误讯息记录到一个记录档去,预设为 log/error_log 。 文件名称可以藉由 ErrorLog 指令设定;可以为不同的虚拟主机设定不 同的错误记录。 2.4.3 传输记录 服务器一般会将每个请求记录到一个传输档,预设为 logs/access_log 。文件名称可以藉由 TransferLog 指令设定;可以为不同的虚拟主机 设定不同的传输记录。 第三章 阿帕奇核心部份(core)的特色 这些配置参数控制核心部份的阿帕奇特色,而且是固定可以使用的。 3.1 AccessConfig 指令 语法: AccessConfig 文件名称 预设: AccessConfig conf/access.conf 用於: server config, virtual host 状态: 核心 此服务器读取 ResourceConfig 文件之後将会继续读取这个文件以取得 更多指令。文件名称系相对於 ServerRoot 路径。此特色可以使用如下 的方式关闭: AccessConfig /dev/null 原本这个文件只包含

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