PHP对GB编码动态转UTF-8几种方法评测
动态转换GB->UTF-8编码至少有四种方法:
用PHP的iconv扩展转换
用PHP的mb_string扩展转换
用对换表转换,对换表存储在MySQL数据库中
用对换表转换,对换表存储在文本文件中
前两种方法要服务器作了相应设置(编译安装了相应扩展)才能使用。我的虚拟主机没有这两个扩展,只好考虑后两种方法。前两个方法本文也不进行测评。
测评程序如下(func_ip.php参见《IP地址->地理位置转换的测评》一文):
function u2utf8($c) {
$str = "";
if ($c $str .= $c;
} elseif ($c $str .= chr(0xC0 | $c >> 6);
$str .= chr(0x80 | $c & 0x3F);
} elseif ($c $str .= chr(0xE0 | $c >> 12);
$str .= chr(0x80 | $c >> 6 & 0x3F);
$str .= chr(0x80 | $c & 0x3F);
} elseif ($c $str .= chr(0xF0 | $c >> 18);
$str .= chr(0x80 | $c >> 12 & 0x3F);
$str .= chr(0x80 | $c >> 6 & 0x3F);
$str .= chr(0x80 | $c & 0x3F);
}
return $str;
}
function GB2UTF8_SQL($strGB) {
if (!trim($strGB)) return $strGB;
$strRet = "";
$intLen = strlen($strGB);
for ($i = 0; $i if (ord($strGB{$i}) > 127) {
$strCurr = substr($strGB, $i, 2);
$intGB = hexdec(bin2hex($strCurr)) - 0x8080;
$strSql = "SELECT code_unicode FROM nnstats_gb_unicode
WHERE code_gb = ".$intGB." LIMIT 1"
;
$resResult = mysql_query($strSql);
if ($arrCode = mysql_fetch_array($resResult)) $strRet .= u2utf8($arrCode["code_unicode"]);
else $strRet .= "??";
$i++;
} else {
$strRet .= $strGB{$i};
}
}
return $strRet;
}
function GB2UTF8_FILE($strGB) {
if (!trim($strGB)) return $strGB;
$arrLines = file("gb_unicode.txt");
foreach ($arrLines as $strLine) {
$arrCodeTable[hexdec(substr($strLine, 0, 6))] = hexdec(substr($strLine, 7, 6));
}
$strRet = "";
$intLen = strlen($strGB);
for ($i = 0; $i if (ord($strGB{$i}) > 127) {
$strCurr = substr($strGB, $i, 2);
$intGB = hexdec(bin2hex($strCurr)) - 0x8080;
if ($arrCodeTable[$intGB]) $strRet .= u2utf8($arrCodeTable[$intGB]);
else $strRet .= "??";
$i++;
} else {
$strRet .= $strGB{$i};
}
}
return $strRet;
}
function EncodeIp($strDotquadIp) {
$arrIpSep = explode(., $strDotquadIp);
if (count($arrIpSep) != 4) return 0;
$intIp = 0;
foreach ($arrIpSep as $k => $v) $intIp += (int)$v * pow(256, 3 - $k);
return $intIp;
//return sprintf(\%02x%02x%02x%02x, $arrIpSep[0], $arrIpSep[1], $arrIpSep[2], $arrIpSep[3]);
}
function GetMicroTime() {
list($msec, $sec) = explode(" ", microtime());
return ((double)$msec + (double)$sec);
}
for ($i = 0; $i $strIp = mt_rand(0, 255).".".mt_rand(0, 255).".".mt_rand(0, 255).".".mt_rand(0, 255);
$arrAddr[$i] = ip2addr(EncodeIp($strIp));
}
$resConn = mysql_connect("localhost", "netnest", "netnest");
mysql_select_db("test");
// 测评MySQL查询的编码转换
$dblTimeStart = GetMicroTime();
for ($i = 0; $i $strUTF8Region = GB2UTF8_SQL($arrAddr[$i]["region"]);
$strUTF8Address = GB2UTF8_SQL($arrAddr[$i]["address"]);
}
$dblTimeDuration = GetMicroTime() - $dblTimeStart;
// 测评结束并输出结果
echo $dblTimeDuration; echo " ";
// 测评文本文件查询的编码转换
$dblTimeStart = GetMicroTime();
for ($i = 0; $i $strUTF8Region = GB2UTF8_FILE($arrAddr[$i]["region"]);
$strUTF8Address = GB2UTF8_FILE($arrAddr[$i]["address"]);
}
$dblTimeDuration = GetMicroTime() - $dblTimeStart;
// 测评结束并输出结果
echo $dblTimeDuration; echo " ";
?>
测评两次结果(精确到3位小数,单位是秒):
MySQL查询转换:0.112
文本查询转换:10.590
MySQL查询转换:0.099
文本查询转换:10.623
可见这次是MySQL方法遥遥领先于文件查询法。但是现在还不急于使用MySQL方法,因为文本文件方法之所以如此耗时,主要因为它每次转换都要把整个gb_unicode.txt读入内存,而gb_unicode.txt又是文本文件,格式如下:
0x2122 0x3001 # IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA
0x2123 0x3002 # IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP
0x2124 0x30FB # KATAKANA MIDDLE DOT
0x2125 0x02C9 # MODIFIER LETTER MACRON (Mandarin Chinese first tone)
……
0x552A 0x6458 #
0x552B 0x658B #
0x552C 0x5B85 #
0x552D 0x7A84 #
……
0x777B 0x9F37 #
0x777C 0x9F3D #
0x777D 0x9F3E #
0x777E 0x9F44 #
文本文件效率较低,于是考虑把文本文件转换为二进制文件,然后用折半法查找这个文件,而不需要把整个文件读入内存。文件格式为:文件头2字节,存储记录数;接着一条接一条记录存入文件,每条记录4字节,前2字节对应GB代码,后2字节对应Unicode代码。转换程序如下:
foreach ($arrLines as $strLine) {
$arrCodeTable[hexdec(substr($strLine, 0, 6))] = hexdec(substr($strLine, 7, 6));
}
ksort($arrCodeTable);
$intCount = count($arrCodeTable);
$strCount = chr($intCount % 256) . chr(floor($intCount / 256));
$fileGBU = fopen("gbu.dat", "wb");
fwrite($fileGBU, $strCount);
foreach ($arrCodeTable as $k => $v) {
$strData = chr($k % 256) . chr(floor($k / 256)) . chr($v % 256) . chr(floor($v / 256));
fwrite($fileGBU, $strData);
}
fclose($fileGBU);
?>
执行程序后就获得了二进制的GB->Unicode对照表gbu.dat,并且数据记录按GB代码排了序,便于折半法查找。使用gbu.dat进行转码的函数如下:
if (!trim($strGB)) return $strGB;
$fileGBU = fopen("gbu.dat", "rb");
$strBuf = fread($fileGBU, 2);
$intCount = ord($strBuf{0}) + 256 * ord($strBuf{1});
$strRet = "";
$intLen = strlen($strGB);
for ($i = 0; $i if (ord($strGB{$i}) > 127) {
$strCurr = substr($strGB, $i, 2);
$intGB = hexdec(bin2hex($strCurr)) - 0x8080;
$intStart = 1;
$intEnd = $intCount;
while ($intStart $intMid = floor(($intStart + $intEnd

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