Home php教程 php手册 PHP对GB编码动态转UTF-8几种方法评测

PHP对GB编码动态转UTF-8几种方法评测

Jun 13, 2016 am 10:29 AM
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在《IP地址->地理位置转换的测评》一文中提到用ip2addr函数直接读取IP数据库文件是效率最高的,相比用MySQL数据库存储IP数据,用SQL查询是效率最低的。但是IP数据库文件QQWry.dat是GB2312编码的。现在我需要UTF-8编码的地理位置结果。如果用MySQL方法,可以在数据存入数据库时就转换为UTF-8编码,一劳永逸。但是QQWry.dat文件又无法修改,只能把ip2addr函数的输出结果再进行动态转换。

动态转换GB->UTF-8编码至少有四种方法:

用PHP的iconv扩展转换

用PHP的mb_string扩展转换

用对换表转换,对换表存储在MySQL数据库中

用对换表转换,对换表存储在文本文件中

前两种方法要服务器作了相应设置(编译安装了相应扩展)才能使用。我的虚拟主机没有这两个扩展,只好考虑后两种方法。前两个方法本文也不进行测评。

测评程序如下(func_ip.php参见《IP地址->地理位置转换的测评》一文):

require_once ("func_ip.php");
function u2utf8($c) {
 $str = "";
 if ($c    $str .= $c;
 } elseif ($c    $str .= chr(0xC0 | $c >> 6);
   $str .= chr(0x80 | $c & 0x3F);
 } elseif ($c    $str .= chr(0xE0 | $c >> 12);
   $str .= chr(0x80 | $c >> 6 & 0x3F);
   $str .= chr(0x80 | $c & 0x3F);
 } elseif ($c    $str .= chr(0xF0 | $c >> 18);
   $str .= chr(0x80 | $c >> 12 & 0x3F);
   $str .= chr(0x80 | $c >> 6 & 0x3F);
   $str .= chr(0x80 | $c & 0x3F);
 }
 return $str;
}
function GB2UTF8_SQL($strGB) {
 if (!trim($strGB)) return $strGB;
 $strRet = "";
 $intLen = strlen($strGB);
 for ($i = 0; $i    if (ord($strGB{$i}) > 127) {
       $strCurr = substr($strGB, $i, 2);
       $intGB = hexdec(bin2hex($strCurr)) - 0x8080;
       $strSql = "SELECT code_unicode FROM nnstats_gb_unicode
         WHERE code_gb = ".$intGB." LIMIT 1"
       ;
       $resResult = mysql_query($strSql);
       if ($arrCode = mysql_fetch_array($resResult)) $strRet .= u2utf8($arrCode["code_unicode"]);
       else $strRet .= "??";
       $i++;
   } else {
       $strRet .= $strGB{$i};
   }
 }
 return $strRet;
}
function GB2UTF8_FILE($strGB) {
 if (!trim($strGB)) return $strGB;
 $arrLines = file("gb_unicode.txt");
 foreach ($arrLines as $strLine) {
   $arrCodeTable[hexdec(substr($strLine, 0, 6))] = hexdec(substr($strLine, 7, 6));
 }
 $strRet = "";
 $intLen = strlen($strGB);
 for ($i = 0; $i    if (ord($strGB{$i}) > 127) {
       $strCurr = substr($strGB, $i, 2);
       $intGB = hexdec(bin2hex($strCurr)) - 0x8080;
       if ($arrCodeTable[$intGB]) $strRet .= u2utf8($arrCodeTable[$intGB]);
       else $strRet .= "??";
       $i++;
   } else {
       $strRet .= $strGB{$i};
   }
 }
 return $strRet;
}
function EncodeIp($strDotquadIp) {
 $arrIpSep = explode(., $strDotquadIp);
 if (count($arrIpSep) != 4) return 0;
 $intIp = 0;  
 foreach ($arrIpSep as $k => $v) $intIp += (int)$v * pow(256, 3 - $k);
 return $intIp;
 //return sprintf(\%02x%02x%02x%02x, $arrIpSep[0], $arrIpSep[1], $arrIpSep[2], $arrIpSep[3]);
}
function GetMicroTime() {
 list($msec, $sec) = explode(" ", microtime());
 return ((double)$msec + (double)$sec);
}
for ($i = 0; $i  $strIp = mt_rand(0, 255).".".mt_rand(0, 255).".".mt_rand(0, 255).".".mt_rand(0, 255);
 $arrAddr[$i] = ip2addr(EncodeIp($strIp));
}
$resConn = mysql_connect("localhost", "netnest", "netnest");
mysql_select_db("test");
// 测评MySQL查询的编码转换
$dblTimeStart = GetMicroTime();
for ($i = 0; $i  $strUTF8Region = GB2UTF8_SQL($arrAddr[$i]["region"]);
 $strUTF8Address = GB2UTF8_SQL($arrAddr[$i]["address"]);
}
$dblTimeDuration = GetMicroTime() - $dblTimeStart;
// 测评结束并输出结果
echo $dblTimeDuration; echo " ";
// 测评文本文件查询的编码转换
$dblTimeStart = GetMicroTime();
for ($i = 0; $i  $strUTF8Region = GB2UTF8_FILE($arrAddr[$i]["region"]);
 $strUTF8Address = GB2UTF8_FILE($arrAddr[$i]["address"]);
}
$dblTimeDuration = GetMicroTime() - $dblTimeStart;
// 测评结束并输出结果
echo $dblTimeDuration; echo " ";
?>


测评两次结果(精确到3位小数,单位是秒):

MySQL查询转换:0.112
文本查询转换:10.590

MySQL查询转换:0.099
文本查询转换:10.623

可见这次是MySQL方法遥遥领先于文件查询法。但是现在还不急于使用MySQL方法,因为文本文件方法之所以如此耗时,主要因为它每次转换都要把整个gb_unicode.txt读入内存,而gb_unicode.txt又是文本文件,格式如下:

0x2121   0x3000   # IDEOGRAPHIC SPACE
0x2122   0x3001   # IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA
0x2123   0x3002   # IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP
0x2124   0x30FB   # KATAKANA MIDDLE DOT
0x2125   0x02C9   # MODIFIER LETTER MACRON (Mandarin Chinese first tone)
……
0x552A   0x6458   #
0x552B   0x658B   #
0x552C   0x5B85   #
0x552D   0x7A84   #
……
0x777B   0x9F37   #
0x777C   0x9F3D   #
0x777D   0x9F3E   #
0x777E   0x9F44   #


文本文件效率较低,于是考虑把文本文件转换为二进制文件,然后用折半法查找这个文件,而不需要把整个文件读入内存。文件格式为:文件头2字节,存储记录数;接着一条接一条记录存入文件,每条记录4字节,前2字节对应GB代码,后2字节对应Unicode代码。转换程序如下:

$arrLines = file("gb_unicode.txt");
foreach ($arrLines as $strLine) {
 $arrCodeTable[hexdec(substr($strLine, 0, 6))] = hexdec(substr($strLine, 7, 6));
}
ksort($arrCodeTable);
$intCount = count($arrCodeTable);
$strCount = chr($intCount % 256) . chr(floor($intCount / 256));
$fileGBU = fopen("gbu.dat", "wb");
fwrite($fileGBU, $strCount);
foreach ($arrCodeTable as $k => $v) {
 $strData = chr($k % 256) . chr(floor($k / 256)) . chr($v % 256) . chr(floor($v / 256));
 fwrite($fileGBU, $strData);
}
fclose($fileGBU);
?>

执行程序后就获得了二进制的GB->Unicode对照表gbu.dat,并且数据记录按GB代码排了序,便于折半法查找。使用gbu.dat进行转码的函数如下:

function GB2UTF8_FILE1($strGB) {
 if (!trim($strGB)) return $strGB;
 $fileGBU = fopen("gbu.dat", "rb");
 $strBuf = fread($fileGBU, 2);
 $intCount = ord($strBuf{0}) + 256 * ord($strBuf{1});
 $strRet = "";
 $intLen = strlen($strGB);
 for ($i = 0; $i    if (ord($strGB{$i}) > 127) {
       $strCurr = substr($strGB, $i, 2);
       $intGB = hexdec(bin2hex($strCurr)) - 0x8080;
       $intStart = 1;
       $intEnd = $intCount;
       while ($intStart          $intMid = floor(($intStart + $intEnd
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