详细学习PHP中对文件和目录的操作方法
一:引论
在任何计算机设备中,文件是都是必须的对象,而在web编程中,文件的操作一直是web程序员的头疼的地方,而,文件的操作在cms系统中这是必须的,非常有用的,我们经常遇到生成文件目录,文件(夹)编辑等操作,现在我把php中的这些函数做一详细总结并实例示范如何使用.,关于对应的函数详细介绍,请查阅php手册.此处只总结重点.和需要注意的地方.(这在php手册是没有的.)
二:目录操作
首先介绍的是一个从目录读取的函数,opendir(),readdir(),closedir(),使用的时候是先打开文件句柄,而后迭代列出:
$fso = opendir($base_dir);
echo $base_dir."
" ;
while($flist=readdir($fso)){
echo $flist."
" ;
}
closedir($fso)
?>
这是讲返回文件目录下面的文件已经目录的程序(0文件将返回false).
有时候需要知道目录的信息,可以使用dirname($path)和basename($path),分别返回路径的目录部分和文件名名称部分,可用disk_free_space($path)返回看空间空余空间.
创建命令:
dir -- directory 类也是操作文件目录的重要类,有3个方法,read,rewind,close,这是一个仿面向对象的类,它先使用的是打开文件句柄,然后用指针的方式读取的.,这里看php手册:
echo "Handle: " . $d->handle . " ";
echo "Path: " . $d->path . " ";
while (false !== ($entry = $d->read())) {
echo $entry." ";
}
$d->close();
?>
输出:
Path: /etc/php5
.
..
apache
cgi
cli
文件的属性也非常重要,文件属性包括创建时间,最后修改时间,所有者,文件组,类型,大小等
下面我们重点谈文件操作.
三:文件操作
● 读文件
首先是一个文件看能不能读取(权限问题),或者存在不,我们可以用is_readable函数获取信息.:
$file = dirlist.php;
if (is_readable($file) == false) {
die(文件不存在或者无法读取);
} else {
echo 存在;
}
?>
判断文件存在的函数还有file_exists(下面演示),但是这个显然无is_readable全面.,当一个文件存在的话可以用
$file = "filelist.php";
if (file_exists($file) == false) {
die(文件不存在);
}
$data = file_get_contents($file);
echo htmlentities($data);
?>
$fso = fopen($cacheFile, r);
$data = fread($fso, filesize($cacheFile));
fclose($fso);
还有一种方式,可以读取二进制的文件:
● 写文件
和读取文件的方式一样,先看看是不是能写:
$file = dirlist.php;
if (is_writable($file) == false) {
die("我是鸡毛,我不能");
}
?>
能写了的话可以使用file_put_contents函数写入:
if (is_writable($file) == false) {
die(我是鸡毛,我不能);
}
$data = 我是可鄙,我想要;
file_put_contents ($file, $data);
?>
file_put_contents函数在php5中新引进的函数(不知道存在的话用function_exists函数先判断一下)低版本的php无法使用,可以使用如下方式:
$f = fopen($file, w);
fwrite($f, $data);
fclose($f);
替换之.
写文件的时候有时候需要锁定,然后写:
if(!$fso=fopen($pageurl,w)){
$this->warns(无法打开缓存文件.);//trigger_error
return false;
}
if(!flock($fso,LOCK_EX)){//LOCK_NB,排它型锁定
$this->warns(无法锁定缓存文件.);//trigger_error
return false;
}
if(!fwrite($fso,$pagedata)){//写入字节流,serialize写入其他格式
$this->warns(无法写入缓存文件.);//trigger_error
return false;
}
flock($fso,LOCK_UN);//释放锁定
fclose($fso);
return true;
}
● 复制,删除文件
php删除文件非常easy,用unlink函数简单操作:
$file = dirlist.php;
$result = @unlink ($file);
if ($result == false) {
echo 蚊子赶走了;
} else {
echo 无法赶走;
}
?>
复制文件也很容易:
$file = yang.txt;
$newfile = ji.txt; # 这个文件父文件夹必须能写
if (file_exists($file) == false) {
die (小样没上线,无法复制);
}
$result = copy($file, $newfile);
if ($result == false) {
echo 复制记忆ok;
}
?>
可以使用rename()函数重命名一个文件夹.其他操作都是这几个函数组合一下就能实现的.
● 获取文件属性
我说几个常见的函数:
获取最近修改时间:
$file = test.txt;
echo date(r, filemtime($file));
?>
返回的说unix的时间戳,这在缓存技术常用.
相关的还有获取上次被访问的时间fileatime(),filectime()当文件的权限,所有者,所有组或其它 inode 中的元数据被更新时间,fileowner()函数返回文件所有者
$perms = substr(sprintf(%o, fileperms($file)), -4);
echo $perms;
?>
filesize()返回文件大小的字节数:
// 输出类似:somefile.txt: 1024 bytes
$filename = somefile.txt;
echo $filename . : . filesize($filename) . bytes;
?>
获取文件的全部信息有个

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