全世界顶尖PHP站Facebook后台技术探秘
世界顶尖PHP站Facebook后台技术探秘
Hadoop and Hive
Hadoop的是一个开源的map-reduce实现,使得它可以在进行大数据上进行运算。 Facebook的使用这个进行数据分析(而我们都知道,Facebook已经大量的数据)。 Hive就是发源于Facebook,使得对于Hadoop使用的SQL查询成为可能,从而是其更容易对非程序员使用。
Hadoop和Hive是开源的(Apache项目),有为数众多的追随者,例如雅虎和Twitter。
Thrift
Facebook使用的几种不同的语言和不同的services。 PHP是最终用于前端,Erlang是用于聊天,JAVA和C ++也使用于多种场所,也许还有其他语言。Thrift是一个内部开发的跨语言的框架,联系语言,使他们可以在一起合作,从而使他们之间可以交互。 这使得Facebook可以更容易为继续保持其跨语言的发展。
Facebook已经让Thrift开源。更多的语言支持已被添加到Thrift。
Varnish
Varnish是一个HTTP加速器,可以作为一个负载平衡器,并缓存的内容,然后可以以闪电般的速度送达。
Facebook使用的arnish来处理照片和个人资料图片,处理每天数十亿的要求。 和其他的东西一样,Varnish是开源的。
保持Facebook 顺畅运行的其他东西
我们已经提到的软件,组成了Facebook的系统,并帮助运行在大规模上。 但是,处理这么大的系统是一个复杂的任务,因此我们将列出一些其他的东西,他们保持了Facebook的平稳运行。
渐进发布和暗启动
Facebook有一个他们所谓的守门人制度(Gatekeeper),允许他们可以给不同的用户运行两套不同的系统。 这让Facebook渐进的发布新的功能,A / B测试,只为Facebook雇员发布等的某些特性。
Gatekeeper也可以让Facebook实现“暗启动”,这是在用户使用一些功能之前,就激活某些功能(因为用户没有察觉,所以称之为暗启动)。 这将作为一个现实世界的压力测试,在正式启动前,帮助揭露一些功能障碍和其他问题。 暗启动通常是在正式启动前两个星期。
Profiling的直播系统
Facebook的仔细监控其系统,有趣的是它也负责监察每一个PHP函数在生产环境的性能。 检测各个PHP的环境的配置运行情况。使用开源工具,XHProf 。
渐进的利用关闭功能来提升性能
如果Facebook运行时出现性能问题,有一个办法,就是逐步禁用不太重要的功能,以增强Facebook的大量核心功能表现。
我们没有提及的事情
我们没有提到硬件相关的事情,但这也是提高可伸缩性的重要一环。例如,就像其他大型站点,Facebook利用CDN来处理静态内容。Facebook还有一个The huge data center,可以帮助他扩展更多的服务。
Facebook的开源情节
不仅是Facebook使用(和帮助),如Linux,Memcached的,MySQL和Hadoop的开源软件,以及许多其他情况下,也贡献许多了其内部开发的软件。
Facebook亦开源了Tornado,一个高性能的网络服务器框架,由FriendFeed团队开发。关于开放源码软件清单,可以在Facebook’s Open Source page.找到。
原文地址http://caifu.zol.com.cn/187/1878540.html

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