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NuSOAP与PHPRPC比较

Jun 13, 2016 am 10:34 AM
and for and Compare of were able

因为看到有人问 Nusoap 和 PHPRPC 的比较,为了让大家能够更清楚地了解 Nusoap 和 PHPRPC 的关系,所以在这里做一个简要的说明性介绍,所写的内容也不是面面俱到的,只写了一些主要的比较。更多细节的比较大家可以在使用中自己来对比。

Nusoap 是一个用于 PHP 的 Web Service 实现。PHP 版本的 PHPRPC 协议实现跟 Nusoap 是一个级别的东西。但是 PHPRPC 协议是跟 Web Service 一个级别的东西,所以下面我们来把 Nusoap 实现跟 PHP 版本的 PHPRPC 协议实现进行比较,把 Web Service 和 PHPRPC 协议进行比较。

第一、协议比较:

相同之处:
这两个协议都是基于 HTTP 协议的,都可以使用 POST 方法提交请求。
主要不同之处:
(1) 请求:WebService 虽然也支持 GET 方式提交请求,但是一般不常用,常用的方式是利用 POST 方法提交 SOAP 格式的请求。而 PHPRPC 支持 GET 和 POST 两种方式来提交请求,请求格式是最常见的 application/x-www-form-urlencoded 格式,这对于实现一个浏览器客户端来说更加容易。
(2) 响应:WebService 返回的响应是 SOAP 格式的数据,对于浏览器客户端来说,只有利用 XMLHttpRequest 才能够对其进行处理,因为 XMLHttpRequest 收到跨域调用的限制,因此 WebService 的浏览器客户端无法做到跨域调用服务。PHPRPC 的响应格式是兼容于 JavaScript 格式的纯文本,因此返回的响应可以直接作为脚本执行,因此实现浏览器客户端可以完全不依赖于 XMLHttpRequest,利用纯 JavaScript 即可实现一个浏览器客户端,而浏览器允许跨域下载并执行脚本,因此 PHPRPC 的浏览器客户端可以做到跨域调用。
(3) 数据交换格式:WebService 中所使用的 SOAP 格式是基于 XML 语言定义的,XML 语言是纯文本的,因为其中的某些位置可以增加或删除一些空白(空格、制表符、回车或换行)而不影响其所表示的内容,因此其格式可以整理成便于人来阅读的,但也由于这点的灵活性,对于机器处理来说效率偏低。而 PHPRPC 的数据交换格式是 PHP 序列化格式,PHP 序列化格式可以算是半纯文本的,因为其数据的表示格式也是采用人类可读的方式表示的,但其中任何位置都不可以插入多于的空白,它对机器的可读性作了很好的支持,不但提供了有效的分隔符,并且提供了字符串长度、数组元素个数、对象成员个数等信息,所以更有利于机器高速处理。因为协议本质上是机机语言,而不是计算机程序设计语言,计算机程序设计语言是人机语言,它应该更偏重于人类可读性,而机机语言应该更重视机器可读性。因此可以说 PHP 序列化格式在人类可读性和机器可读性之间做到了非常好的平衡。
(4) 带宽占用:WebService 是重量级的 Web 服务,其数据格式冗长拖沓,占用网络带宽高。PHPRPC 是轻量级的 Web 服务,其数据格式简单紧凑,占用网络带宽低。注意,这里所说到重量级和轻量级是指网络带宽占用,而不是指其提供服务的能力,PHPRPC 所提供的服务能力绝不逊色于 WebService,甚至在很多地方优于 WebService。打个比方说:WebService 就像是 OSI 的 7 层网络模型,看似完美,但实现复杂,使用困难。而 PHPRPC 则像是简化了的 TCP/IP 的 5 层网络模型,实现高效,使用方便。

第二、然后我们再来比较 Nusoap 和 PHP 版本的 PHPRPC协议实现:
相同之处是都用于 PHP。
不同之处主要在于易用性上,Nusoap 虽然在易用性上做的还算不错,但是跟 PHP 版本的 PHPRPC 协议实现来比较就差太远了。例如,利用 Nusoap 发布的服务函数需要单独编写,而不能使用跟本地函数同样的方式进行编写,更无法使用 PHP 中内置扩展的函数,而 PHPRPC 所发布的函数跟本地函数完全一样,甚至包括 PHP 内置扩展的函数也可以直接发布。要用 Nusoap 发布一个 wsdl,需要为每一个发布的过程的名称、参数名、参数类型、返回值类型、名空间、动作、样式、文档等内容进行定义。而要发布一个 PHPRPC 服务,只需要告诉服务器要发布的那个函数(也可以是对象方法或类方法)的名字(还可以给出别名)即可。而不需要给出参数名、参数类型、返回值类型等信息。因此对于变长参数,可变类型参数的支持更好。在 PHPRPC 客户端的使用上,也是同样的方便,可以直接以远程函数名命名的本地 PHPRPC 客户端的方法来调用远程函数,而 Nusoap 相对来说比较麻烦一些。PHPRPC 还有一个很大的优势在于,它可以让你很轻松的以安全加密传输的方式来进行远程调用,这一点 Nusoap 是做不到的。

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