PHP怎么解决网站大流量与高并发的有关问题
PHP如何解决网站大流量与高并发的问题
首先,确认服务器硬件是否足够支持当前的流量。
普通的P4服务器一般最多能支持每天10万独立IP,如果访问量比这个还要大, 那么必须首先配置一台更高性能的专用服务器才能解决问题 ,否则怎么优化都不可能彻底解决性能问题。
其次,优化数据库访问。
前台实现完全的静态化当然最好,可以完全不用访问数据库,不过对于频繁更新的网站, 静态化往往不能满足某些功能。
缓存技术就是另一个解决方案,就是将动态数据存储到缓存文件中,动态网页直接调用 这些文件,而不必再访问数据库,WordPress和Z-Blog都大量使用这种缓存技术。我自己也写过一个Z-Blog的计数器插件,也是基于这样的原理。 如果确实无法避免对数据库的访问,那么可以尝试优化数据库的查询SQL.避免使用 Select * from这样的语句,每次查询只返回自己需要的结果,避免短时间内的大量SQL查询。
第三,禁止外部的盗链。
外部网站的图片或者文件盗链往往会带来大量的负载压力,因此应该严格限制外部对于自身的图片或者文件盗链,好在目前可以简单地通过refer来控制盗链,Apache自己就可以通过配置来禁止盗链,IIS也有一些第三方的ISAPI可以实现同样的功能。当然,伪造refer也可以通过代码来实现盗链,不过目前蓄意伪造refer盗链的还不多, 可以先不去考虑,或者使用非技术手段来解决,比如在图片上增加水印。
第四,控制大文件的下载。
大文件的下载会占用很大的流量,并且对于非SCSI硬盘来说,大量文件下载会消耗CPU,使得网站响应能力下降。因此,尽量不要提供超过2M的大文件下载,如果需要提供,建议将大文件放在另外一台服务器上。
第五,使用不同主机分流主要流量
将文件放在不同的主机上,提供不同的镜像供用户下载。比如如果觉得RSS文件占用流量大,那么使用FeedBurner或者FeedSky等服务将RSS输出放在其他主机上,这样别人访问的流量压力就大多集中在FeedBurner的主机上,RSS就不占用太多资源了。
第六,使用流量分析统计软件。
在网站上安装一个流量分析统计软件,可以即时知道哪些地方耗费了大量流量,哪些页面需要再进行优化,因此,解决流量问题还需要进行精确的统计分析才可以。我推荐使用的流量分析统计软件是Google Analytics(Google分析)。
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